FLAFS 2025 Abstracts | Florida Chapter

Presenter Last Name

Gizzard Shad Harvesting Removes Phosphorus from Lake George, Florida

Presenter:	Christy Akers
Institution:	St. Johns River Water Management District
Coauthors:
	Steven Miller \| St. Johns River Water Management District Randy Fink \| St. Johns River Water Management District
Abstract:
	Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) harvesting has been used by the St. Johns River Water Management District as a technique to remove phosphorus (P) from Lake Apopka for the last 30 years. This technique uses gill nets to harvest gizzard shad from the lake and is the most cost-effective method currently used to remove P. Given its cost-effectiveness, the District has expanded the harvest to Lake George, Florida’s second largest lake. Gizzard shad harvesting started in Lake George in 2013 and 74,330 pounds of P has been removed, which provides benefits to the lower St. Johns River. Bycatch of sportfish is extremely low in gill nets in Lake George, less than 2%. Additionally, the harvest is seasonally restricted to avoid any potential impacts to migrating American shad (Alosa sapidissima).

Comparing tagging study estimates of exploitation to Virtual Population Analysis results for Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus in Lochloosa Lake, Florida

Presenter:	Chris Anderson
Institution:	FWC
Coauthors:
	Paul Ramsey \| FWC Jason O’Connor \| FWC Zach Siders \| UF Travis Tuten \| FWC
Abstract:
	Fisheries biologists use Virtual Population Analyses (VPA) to estimate age class abundance and exploitation rates for fish populations. Although VPA use has been widespread, there is a lack of comparison between statistical estimates of exploitation and field-based tagging studies. We compared exploitation rates from a VPA model to those from a 10 year Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus tagging study in Lochloosa Lake, a eutrophic lake in north central Florida. VPA data were collected annually from 2006 to 2024 as part of Florida FWC’s Freshwater Fisheries Long-Term Monitoring program. We relied on relative abundance estimates from trawl surveys, catch estimates from creel surveys and population age structure data from angler-harvested Black Crappie carcasses. The overall trends in annual exploitation estimates from the VPA matched those from the tagging study; however, the VPA tended to overinflate annual exploitation rates when compared to the tagging study. Future improvements to the model will add age class catch per unit effort data to determine if those data correct the overestimation of exploitation rates.

Incorporating fish movement data into habitat suitability indices: A conceptual framework for coastal mesopredators

Presenter:	Cameron Atkinson *
Institution:	Florida International University
Coauthors:
	Natasha Viadero \| South Florida Water Management District Mack White \| Florida International University Victoria Goldner \| Florida International University James Sturges \| Florida International University Jonathan Rodemann \| Florida International University W. Ryan James \| Florida International University Justin Lesser \| Florida International University Rolando Santos \| Florida International University Jennifer Rehage \| Florida International University
Abstract:
	Passive acoustic telemetry has proven to be an invaluable asset for researchers and resource managers to understand the movement ecology of numerous coastal fish species. The ability to track the movements of fish has allowed for an understanding of ontogenetic movements, migration patterns, and space use. The incorporation of telemetry data into habitat suitability models has not been widely applied in aquatic systems and presents an opportunity for best practices to be identified. The few studies that have incorporated telemetry data into habitat suitability indices have primarily used Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs), Resource Selection Functions (RSFs), and Step Selection Functions (SSFs). Telemetry data has been collected across a 41-receiver array in the Shark River estuary since 2012. These data have provided critical insight into the movement ecology of the Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) and Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides). While the upstream-downstream movements of these ecologically and economically important mesopredators have been highly studied in the Shark River, there has been limited incorporation of their movements into habitat suitability indices. Here, we present how BRTs have been used to model habitat suitability of Largemouth Bass in the headwaters of the Shark River. We also present a conceptual framework to incorporate Common Snook movement data into a habitat suitability index for the species throughout the Shark River estuary using RSFs and SSFs. It is important that a preliminary understanding of the habitats most used by these species be generated so that comparisons with future conditions can be made. This is particularly important as the natural flow of freshwater through the Everglades is gradually being restored and the impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly impactful.

A look at offshore snook in southeast Florida: The “new” reef fish in town

Presenter:	Erick Ault
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Sarah Webb \| South Florida Water Management District Derek Cox \| South Florida Water Management District
Abstract:
	A species’ ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions brought about by either natural or anthropogenic factors can significantly affect its level of resilience to these types of disturbances. One strategy to mitigate for severe events that could negatively impact a species’ survivability is the occurrence of behavioral contingents. These are portions of a population that exhibit alternate life history strategies or habitat preferences. Gaining a better understanding of the relationship between behavioral contingents and the overall population can aid in determining how to best manage species that employ this type of strategy. This study investigated the presence of the estuarine-dependent common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) at offshore coastal reef areas to determine whether they represent a unique behavioral contingent for this species. A three-part approach that included acoustic telemetry, specimen collections, and underwater visual observations was used to document and describe common snook that inhabit offshore coastal reef areas. Additionally, efforts were made to evaluate their level of reproductive activity, spatial distribution, and connectivity to other habitat systems. During this study, offshore common snook were observed in groups that averaged 23.5 individuals per event (225 maximum), up to 20.4 km from an inlet, and in waters as deep as 36.6 m. They ranged in size from 350 to 1150 mm total length (TL), with the majority (70.6%) falling between 750 to 949 mm TL. These fish were present in 79.4% of dive observations conducted on artificial reefs, but only in 18.4% of those on natural reefs. Acoustic telemetry showed that many fish remained offshore for multiple years. Most sampled fish (89.1%) were spawning capable, with some classified as actively spawning (15.8%). Evidence gathered throughout this study supports that this group of fish represents a unique behavioral contingent which engages in reproductive activity (spawning) and potentially contributes to the overall population.

Re-evaluating genetic relationships among bass populations in Florida: how sampling previously overlooked waterbodies improved our understanding of the genetic composition of these important sportfish.

Presenter:	Brandon Barthel
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Coauthors:
	Bryan Winston \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Abstract:
	The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has a comprehensive genetic management program for Florida Bass Micropterus salmoides. This includes rules designed to protect the genetic integrity of this important sportfish and extensive research into the genetic relationship patterns across the state. The initial statewide genetic survey was conducted in the early 2000s and served as the scientific foundation for management decisions. Since that time efforts have been made to sample waterbodies that previously had been overlooked. These samples were used to re-evaluate the genetic relationships of bass populations across Florida; these efforts provided new insights that have significant management implications. The north Florida and panhandle regions of the state had long been considered part of the natural intergrade zone between Florida Bass and Largemouth Bass (M. nigricans). However, the re-evaluation found that the situation is more complicated than previously understood, with smaller waterbodies in these regions being primarily composed of Florida Bass rather than introgressed Florida Bass x Largemouth Bass. It was also determined that the Florida Bass in these regions can be distinguished from the Florida Bass from the Florida peninsula based on genetic differences in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. This is strong evidence that the Florida Bass in the two parts of the state have been isolated from each other over a long enough period of time for genetic differences to accumulate. It is possible that this divergence may include adaptations to climatic or environmental differences between the regions. The implications of these findings are considered in terms of management and conservation in Florida and how they relate to recent taxonomic changes for Florida Bass and Largemouth Bass.

Revitalizing Lake Ecosystems: Sediment Remediation, Nutrient Dynamics, and Benthic Activity Improvements Using TryMarine Technology in Brickhouse Lake

Presenter:	David Beasley
Institution:	SOLitude Lake Management
Coauthors:
	Farshid S. Najafabadi \| TryGlobal IP holding and TryMarine
Abstract:
	This study examines the specialized photocatalyst-based product, TryMarine, for nutrient remediation and revitalization of aquatic ecosystems, assessing its efficacy in a single aquatic environment – Brickhouse Farm Lake. Monthly measurements of sediment nutrients (TN and TP), texture, aerobic bacterial activity, benthic diversity, and microalgae were conducted across treated (10 acres) and adjacent untreated areas (30 acres). A tenfold increase in aerobic plate counts was observed at the bottom of the treated zone, accompanied by fluffier sediment and increased moisture content in the core sediment sample. Benthic organisms increased thirteenfold, and species diversity rose 160% in the treated area compared to the untreated area. Sediment permeability improved by one foot, allowing deeper water infiltration. Adjacent untreated areas showed gradual improvement, likely due to water turbulence. These findings demonstrate that TryMarine can stimulate healthier sediment and food web reactivation, positioning it as a promising candidate for sustainable aquaculture and ecosystem restoration.

Independent testing of PIT tags for fisheries research: a framework for standardization and performance evaluation

Presenter:	Brian Beckley
Institution:	Voda IQ
Coauthors:
	Zachary Sherker \| University of British Columbia
Abstract:
	Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags are critical tools for monitoring animal movements and survival in fisheries research. This study presents a framework for rigorous, independent evaluation of PIT tag performance, focusing on the Voda IQ HQ12, HQ10, HQ9, and HQ8 tags. Key tests included dimensional and weight assessments, electrical parameter evaluations, read range and noise resistance, proximity performance, and durability under challenging environmental conditions. Results showed that HQ10 and HQ9 tags met all regional standards, demonstrating reliable detection, minimal tag burden, and robustness under high noise and pressure conditions. The HQ12 tag excelled in detection efficiency but marginally exceeded the allowable weight threshold by 0.0022g, with negligible biological impact. The HQ8, designed for smaller species, exhibited limited read range but proved suitable for low-burden applications. This research underscores the importance of standardized testing protocols to validate new biotelemetry technologies, ensuring consistency and reliability in diverse environmental scenarios. The methods outlined serve as a model for global fisheries monitoring, enabling stakeholders to adopt innovations confidently. Rigorous independent testing not only verifies performance but also advances the efficacy of conservation efforts, particularly for threatened and endangered species.

Maintenance and Upkeep of a Large Acoustic Telemetry Array on the Pensacola Bay System

Presenter:	Calvin Beech
Institution:	FWC
Abstract:
	Acoustic telemetry arrays are essential tools for studying aquatic animal behavior, movement, and ecology. Maintaining a large array is critical to ensure data quality, system functionality, and longevity. This presentation provides an overview of the technical and logistical challenges associated with the maintenance and upkeep of an extensive acoustic array encompassing the Greater Pensacola Bay system, as well as strategies for effective management. Key challenges include environmental factors such as biofouling, sedimentation, and extreme weather, which can compromise equipment performance and data transmission. Additionally, equipment malfunctions, battery depletion, and damage from vessel activity or marine organisms require regular inspections and repairs. The vast spatial coverage of the large array often complicates maintenance schedules, particularly in remote or high-traffic aquatic environments. Effective maintenance protocols are crucial for minimizing data loss and ensuring system reliability. Regularly scheduled deployments and retrievals for cleaning, diagnostics, and battery replacement are critical. The use of anti-fouling coatings and robust mooring systems can mitigate environmental impacts. Advances in telemetry technology, such as improved battery life and detection range, are increasingly aiding in the efficient management of large arrays. Furthermore, adaptive maintenance strategies based on predictive modeling of environmental conditions and system performance can optimize resource allocation and reduce costs. This presentation will also highlight the importance of maintenance practices and discuss the importance of collaborative networks in sharing expertise, resources, and data. By implementing a systematic approach to array maintenance researchers and managers can enhance the reliability and longevity of acoustic telemetry systems. These efforts ultimately support more comprehensive and accurate ecological studies, enabling informed conservation and resource management decisions.

Evaluating the use of a commercial Haul Seine as a management tool for Tilapia in Upper St Johns River Lakes

Presenter:	Arthur Bernhardt he/him
Institution:	FWC-FWRI
Coauthors:
	Reid Hyle \| FWC-FWRI Randy Fink \| St. Johns River Water Management District Steve Miller \| St. Johns River Water Management District
Abstract:
	Non-native Tilapia Oreochromis sp. have several potential negative impacts on water quality, native fish populations, and plant communities. In the St. Johns River of east-central Florida, tilapia have become dominant in fish communities. In 2022, biologists from Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) and St. John’s River Water Management District (SJRWMD) permitted a seasonal commercial haul seine fishery to harvest tilapia in select lakes of the St. Johns River, primarily as a nutrient removal strategy. Using a 1,000 ft long net, fishers encircled an area of 30-60 acres to capture tilapia. In 2022, the fishers harvested 10,443 kg of Tilapia and removed an estimated 60 kg of P from one lake. In 2023, 2 lakes were fished, removing 20,673 kg of tilapia and 2,359 kg of armored catfish (118 kg P removed). Catch composition was 60-90% exotic tilapia and armored catfish with little to no mortality of game fish. In 2024, SJRWMD and FWC continued the removal effort on several St. Johns River Lakes and conducted a mark-recapture to estimate the tilapia population size in 2 lakes and evaluate the potential of the fishery to impact exotic fish populations.

A Stingray’s Preferred Menu: A Wide Selection of Small Invertebrates

Presenter:	Shelby Boyles She/Her *
Institution:	Nova Southeastern University
Coauthors:
	Jessica Schieber \| George Duncan \| Nova Southeastern University Amy Hirons \| Nova Southeastern University David Kerstetter \| Nova Southeastern University
Abstract:
	The Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is a brackish estuarine ecosystem along the Atlantic coast of Florida. Along with other elasmobranchs, Hypanus sabinus and Hypanus say stingray are common, particularly in shallow-water areas along the shorelines. Life-history parameters of these species are poorly-known, including diet. In particular, the diet of an organism provides crucial information such as prey selection, prey abundance, and population shifts of both the stingray and prey species, and more. Traditional diet research used visual identification of partially digested prey in the stomach, but soft-bodied prey ingested by many batoids tend to be quickly digested. For this study, three separate techniques have been applied to better quantify prey items and assimilation for these two stingray species: stomach content analyses, DNA metabarcoding, and stable isotope biogeochemistry. A 129-sample set was examined from H. sabinus (n= 67) and H. say (n=62) using stomach content analysis, a subsample of 5 individuals were selected for investigative metabarcoding analysis using three techniques. Polychaetes, shrimps, crabs, brittle stars, and small fishes were the most abundant findings to date. Stable isotope analysis will also be applied as a different approach to measure the flux of organic elements across the ecosystem through diet analysis. Detecting dietary trends of H. sabinus and H. say such as seasonal or ontogenetic diet preferences is vital for understanding general knowledge of the two species and broader IRL ecosystem health.

Exchange of juvenile tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) between a mosquito impoundment and Florida’s Indian River Lagoon estuary

Presenter:	Eli Bradley He/Him
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Phil Stevens \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Abstract:
	Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) are an ecologically and culturally important species that rely on coastal wetlands for nursery habitat. The larvae remain in these protected areas until reaching a total length of at least 250 mm, at which point they emigrate to the main estuary, often coinciding with flood events. The Indian River Lagoon (IRL) on Florida’s east coast has undergone significant habitat alterations due to coastal development. Mosquito impoundments, heavily managed mangrove areas designed to reduce mosquito populations, serve as a critical refuge for juvenile tarpon. Wetlands within these impoundments are connected to the main estuary by culverts that are periodically opened. Our study focuses on an impoundment in Jensen Beach, FL, where culverts remain open year-round as managers explore optimal options for mangrove restoration. This provides a unique opportunity to study juvenile tarpon movement and habitat use in a dynamic environment. We hypothesize that juvenile tarpon emigrate during periods of shifting environmental conditions, seeking specific habitat types after emigration. The objectives of this study are to: 1) determine the residency patterns of juvenile tarpon in this open system, 2) identify the environmental conditions that trigger emigration, and 3) assess whether emigrating fish move to a specific habitat type. To address these questions, 19 juvenile tarpon were tagged with acoustic transmitters and tracked via an array of acoustic receivers. Preliminary results indicate that juvenile tarpon preferentially migrate to the North Fork of the St. Lucie River, likely using it as a secondary nursery habitat. Emigration occurred primarily between late June and late September, with a peak in fish movement during falling tides. Additionally, preliminary analyses suggest a correlation between exit detections and barometric pressure. These findings will enhance our understanding of tarpon habitat use and the ecological factors that drive their movement in the IRL.

Spatial Ecology of Cownose Rays and Bull Sharks in Tampa Bay

Presenter:	Mia Braun she/her *
Institution:	Florida Southern College
Coauthors:
	Brady Huber \| FSC Gabriel Langford \| FSC Allison Durland Donahou \| FSC
Abstract:
	Tampa Bay is a understudied region for elasmobranch research, limiting our understanding of how elasmobranchs utilize this area. Our research aims to expand knowledge of nursery habitat use, distribution, and abundance to better inform conservation efforts. With the use of acoustic telemetry, we analyzed the spatial ecology of elasmobranch species: Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leuca and Cownose Rays Rhinoptera bonasus. Our eight deployed receivers aid in monitoring and tracking Bull Shark habitat usage and migration patterns. Bull Sharks were acoustically tagged between 2021-2024 with the addition of Cownose Rays in 2024. We have collected data on 46 Bull Sharks and 6 Cownose Rays. Cownose Rays tend to spend more time and utilize more of the bay than Bull Sharks.The majority of the neonate Bull Sharks utilize upstream habitat while the juveniles can be found both upstream and out in the bay. This indicates that the Alafia River is a nursery habitat for elasmobranch species and provides insight into their life history which can be used for conservation efforts.

Salmon as an ecological pathway of contaminants into Alaskan food webs

Presenter:	Miranda Brohman *
Institution:	Halmos College of Arts and Sciences and the Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center. Department of Environmental and Marine Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
Coauthors:
	Gretchen Roffler \| Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, AK, USA Dimitrios Giarikos \| Halmos College of Arts and Sciences and the Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center. Department of Chemistry and Physics, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA SECLER: Study of Environmental Conservation through Leading-Edge Research David Kerstetter \| Halmos College of Arts and Sciences and the Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center. Department of Environmental and Marine Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA Amy C. Hirons \| Halmos College of Arts and Sciences and the Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center. Department of Environmental and Marine Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA SECLER: Study of Environmental Conservation through Leading-Edge Research
Abstract:
	Salmon is a commercially and ecologically important fish taxa for humans and animals in hemi boreal and subarctic ecosystems. The presence of trace elements and their bioaccumulation across a marine food web raises concerns about biomagnification and the potential health risks associated with human consumption. Sixteen trace element concentrations were determined in seven different tissues from two Southeast Alaska salmon species (chum, Oncorhynchus keta and pink, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Chum salmon tissues consistently had higher elemental concentrations than pink salmon. The health risk assessments revealed that all samples exceeded the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for arsenic, particularly in kidney and liver; however, the overall risk for human consumption of primarily muscle remains low but the risk to wildlife consuming multiple tissues may be higher. The target hazard quotients (THQ) for chronic toxicological risk of all tissue samples did not exceed the hazardous threshold, and the carcinogenic risk values for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead all suggest negligible cancer risk from consumption for humans. These results underscore the importance of ongoing monitoring of trace elements in salmon and their implications for both human and animal health.

FWC Atlantic Red Snapper EFP Project: Lessons learned in project creation, collaboration and communication.

Presenter:	Matthew Bunting
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Kristin Foss \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission CJ Sweetman \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Jessica McCawley \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Chelsey Crandall \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Phillip Rodgers \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Genine McClair \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Chloe Ramsay \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Luiz Barbieri \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Abstract:
	The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has developed three separate Exempted Fishing Permit (EFP) projects to improve data collection and test innovative ideas aimed at reducing discards associated with the South Atlantic recreational red snapper fishery. The FWC EFP Project team spans multiple divisions across the agency, which requires consistent communication during project development, implementation, and to make improvements to the projects when needed. Collaborative and frequent communication among FWC staff and with project participants was critical to ensure successful implementation of the EFPs and to improve messaging, sampling protocol, and angler reporting requirements. We are currently over halfway through the projects and have managed to overcome several hurdles while working with such a large group of participants that overturns every 3 months. To streamline the onboarding of 410 participants every 3 months, FWC staff have consistently amended and created new materials, implemented application updates, and improved upon numerous project components to resolve unforeseen issues. Through consistent communication among the FWC team we have been able to identify, improve, and implement many critical aspects of this project in order to efficiently and successfully meet the intended goals of the projects. Information gained from these projects will provide the much-needed data to better manage the snapper grouper fishery in the South Atlantic and also understand angler behavior and satisfaction in relation to current management.

Socioecological quantitative modeling to inform oyster management: the life and death of projects that give answers no one likes

Presenter:	Edward Camp he/him
Institution:	University of Florida
Coauthors:
	William Casola \| University of Florida Charles Wallace \| The Water Institute Joy Hazell \| University of Florida
Abstract:
	Resilience theory suggests that environmental degradation and heightened socioeconomic challenges may exacerbate shifts to less desirable system stable states. We apply this lens to ongoing collapse of oyster socioecological systems in Florida, USA, where wild oyster harvest has traditionally sustained under-resourced coastal communities but has recently either declined or wholly collapsed. We first used quantitative approaches to assess evidence for stable state shifts, using simulation and empirical quantitative models. We then used quantitative socioecological modeling to assess what combinations of regulation and restoration might reverse or prevent system collapse. Finally, we assessed how these management actions most likely to prevent or reverse system collapse were perceived by end-users and government agencies, using mixed quantitative and qualitative approaches that included survey, interview, and focus groups. We found both socioeconomic and ecological drivers could theoretically trigger stable state shifts in this system, and our empirical findings were consistent with such a shift in the collapsed system. Socioecological modeling suggested successfully reversing this state shift was likely only under substantially greater restoration and regulation than had been traditionally applied. However, specifically these interventions were particularly unpopular with end-users. We discuss why this socioecological system collapse may have not (yet) engendered a more resilience-focused response, including the possibility that solely ecologically-focused restoration is insufficient to catalyze socioecological system change in strongly resource-dependent communities.

Clearing Murky Waters: A collaborative process for outreach video design and evaluation

Presenter:	Chelsey Crandall
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Meghan Abbot \| FWC Jonathan Veach \| FWC Celia Villac \| FWC Kotryna Klizentyte \| UF
Abstract:
	There is growing incorporation of video in public communication efforts, with YouTube one of the most popular video platforms. A good video can increase viewers’ scientific literacy and knowledge and has the potential to influence attitudes and behaviors. However, design and narrative elements must be carefully considered to develop successful videos for public consumption, and post launch assessment is necessary to determine if a video reaches its intended goals. Incorporating people with varied areas of expertise in the video design and evaluation process can help address these various needs and ensure successful communication. Here, we developed and evaluated a general information science video for YouTube on red tide in Florida. The proliferation of toxic or nuisance algal species known as Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) can negatively impact environmental, animal, and human health, and Karenia brevis (red tide) blooms are of particular concern in Florida. A collaborative team of red tide and communication experts, community members, and education design specialists was established to design the video through a multi-stage process, with social scientists engaged in the evaluation stage. Evaluation showed that the resulting video increased knowledge and understanding of red tide and accomplished its objectives. Achievement of this main goal may be attributed to the stepwise framework process developed for video creation, from conception to distribution, and assessment of the final product, which relied heavily on the synergistic interaction among collaborators at all stages. Here we outline the process for project development, management, and evaluation that contributed to project success.

Angler Satisfaction, Exploitation, Catch, and Harvest of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in Lake Talquin and its Tailrace Following a Regulation Change

Presenter:	Jacob Cunningham
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Stephen Stang \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Andy Strickland \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Chris Paxton \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Ryan Henry \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Morgan Winstead \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Brandon Thompson \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Abstract:
	As fisheries managers, it is important to understand the level of impact that angling mortality could have in conjunction with increases in natural mortality due to a changing climate. In instances where fish species are more sensitive to warming water temperatures, such as the case with Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in this system, regulation changes may be necessary to adaptively manage for reduced adult survival and abundance. Exploitation data collected in Lake Talquin and the tailrace during 2021 revealed that limited cohorts of sexually mature fish were heavily targeted by anglers before and during broodfish collection efforts in the tailrace. As a result, a new regulation aimed at reducing harvest of sexually mature fish required for hatchery production took effect in January 2023 in the lower Ochlockonee River. The new regulation allows anglers to harvest three Striped Bass per person per day with only one fish greater than 609 mm TL (24”). An exploitation study was conducted in 2024 to compare to the pre-regulation change exploitation data that was collected in 2021. Additionally, an access creel survey was conducted from February 2024 through May 2024 in the lower Ochlockonee River. Results from the creel survey were paired with total effort estimates derived from game cameras mounted below Jackson Bluff Dam to estimate Striped Bass effort, catch, and harvest in the tailrace during peak-season. The 2024 exploitation study didn’t indicate a significant reduction in overall exploitation. The 2024 creel survey estimated, however, that approximately 129 fish over 609 mm were conserved (or protected from harvest) by the new regulation this season. Anger satisfaction with the new regulation was high. An additional exploitation study and creel survey is underway for the 2025 season to evaluate a year comprised of a population of adults resulting from more consistent fingerling stocking numbers.

Monitoring Populations of Fish and Macroinvertebrates in the Estuarine waters of Everglades National Park

Presenter:	John Davis
Institution:	FWC
Abstract:
	As part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, recent modifications of water management infrastructure have increased delivery of freshwater to Everglades National Park (ENP), resulting in higher water levels and salinity reductions within the ENP’s estuarine waters. Alterations in salinity, freshwater flows and water levels will likely impact the distribution, abundance, and community structure of nekton (fish and selected invertebrates) in these areas. Therefore, with financial support from the National Park Service, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s Fisheries-Independent Monitoring (FIM) program initiated semi-annual (wet season: October and dry season: April) sampling of nekton in the ENP in October 2020. This presentation will focus on preliminary analyses of data from the three years of sampling in the Florida Bay portion of the Everglades. Nekton were collected using a stratified-random sampling design in 29 hydrological-defined FATHOM basins. Many of the basins include a western expansion of the historical FIM Florida Bay sampling universe. Three gear types were used in this study (21.3-m seines, 183-m haul seines, and 6.1-m otter trawls) to sample multiple life history stages of nekton within a wide diversity of habitats. The objectives of this monitoring are to: 1) inventory fish and selected invertebrate species that inhabit the ENP; 2) examine spatial differences in species composition and relative abundance within the ENP; and 3) provide an assessment of changes to nekton distribution and abundance in the ENP as infrastructure modifications progress. Collectively, these data will provide valuable insight into how the nekton communities that use these estuarine waters may respond following water management infrastructure changes.

Understanding the Extent of PFAS Contamination in Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) across 9 Florida Estuaries

Presenter:	Andy Distrubell *
Institution:	Florida International University Institute of Environment Miami Florida 33199
Coauthors:
	W. Ryan James \| Florida International University Rolando O. Santos \| Florida International University Natalia S. Quinete \| Florida International University Jennifer S. Rehage \| Florida International University
Abstract:
	The widespread distribution and persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in coastal environments present significant risks to both wildlife and human health. This study focuses on PFAS contamination in a valuable recreational fishery. Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) are particularly susceptible to exposure to aquatic pollutants due to their relative proximity to human sources of pollution and high site fidelity within estuaries. Our research focused on quantifying the extent to which red drum are contaminated with PFAS from 30 tested compounds. We analyzed a total of 109 muscle samples collected from nine Florida estuaries using liquid chromatography to determine PFAS concentration levels. PFAS were detected in all estuaries sampled; 99% of the muscle tissue samples analyzed contained PFAS. This study highlights the presence of PFAS in red drum across Florida, pointing to issues related to statewide water management and its potential impact on fisheries throughout the state.

eDNA for Coastal Fisheries Monitoring – Lessons from the National Estuarine Research Reserve System

Presenter:	Nikki Dix
Institution:	University of North Florida
Coauthors:
	Alison Watts \| University of New Hampshire Nate Schirmer \| University of North Florida Jeffrey Miller \| University of New Hampshire Fouad El Baidouri \| University of New Hampshire
Abstract:
	Estuaries are dynamic systems that support high biodiversity, including many species of ecological and economic value. Incorporating eDNA into coastal monitoring can support monitoring of key species, the arrival of new and expanding species, as well as a variety of biodiversity metrics. However, eDNA analyses and interpretation can be challenging in some estuaries where high turbidity, organic material, and DNA transport may inhibit or confound results. We present findings from a two-year pilot project that involved collecting eDNA samples at 10 National Estuarine Research Reserves, including the Apalachicola and Guana Tolomato Matanzas reserves in Florida. Samples were collected quarterly in each estuary, then analyzed for fish and other organisms. Fish species lists were compared to expected species identified through other methods. General eukaryote species data were used to identify differences between sites and estuaries, seasonal trends, and develop biodiversity metrics. Overall, we found that eDNA monitoring provides a broad overview of fish species present and is complementary to net-based assessment methods.

Population viability analysis of a nonnative pond-breeding amphibian

Presenter:	Tommy Domohowski *
Institution:	University of Florida
Coauthors:
	Jeffrey Hill \| University of Florida Quenton Tuckett \| University of Florida
Abstract:
	Hillsborough County, Florida has the only nonnative population of the Tropical Clawed Frog Xenopus tropicalis worldwide. Since 2021, there have been efforts to remove individuals and eradicate this metapopulation of frogs, which is found in permanent and ephemeral stormwater ponds along a suburban creek corridor. The native Eastern Mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki has been demonstrated to be effective native biological control of the tadpoles of Xenopus tropicalis. This and other control efforts have significantly reduced breeding success and density, but eradication of these frogs may require larger-scale habitat modification. Unfortunately, eradication of nonnatives is often costly and more likely to be effective early in the invasion, so determining best management practices before the population spreads out of control is vital. Fortunately, there are tools to inform the control and potential eradication of established nonnative populations. My goal is to fit a population viability analysis (PVA) model to this metapopulation of frogs. This model will simulate costs, probabilities, and timelines of eradication associated with various methods of individual removal and habitat modification. Controls and parameters from this model are acquired from published literature and our own data collection/observations. We performed a mark-recapture study and subsequent analysis to estimate initial population abundances for the model. In addition, we will use aerial imagery to determine how suburbanization has altered and possibly created suitable habitats to allow X. tropicalis to become established in Hillsborough County, Florida.

The TrophyCatch guide to catching giant bass in Florida

Presenter:	Drew Dutterer
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Summer Lindelien \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Kristen Eser \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission John Cimbaro \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Michelle Kerr \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Jason Dotson \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Bill Pouder \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission KP Clements \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Abstract:
	TrophyCatch is a program operated by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) and blends elements of angler recognition, citizen science, and fisheries conservation. Anglers participate in the program by photo- or video documenting the size of trophy bass (Florida Bass Micropterus salmoides or Florida Bass-Largemouth Bass M. nigricans hybrids) caught in Florida prior to their live release. In participating in TrophyCatch, these anglers provide data that cover the location, timing, and gear used for their catches. Since the program launch in 2012, anglers in Florida have documented over 15,000 trophy bass, generating a unique dataset for Florida’s bass fisheries through time. Additionally, FWC biologists have surveyed thousands of TrophyCatch participants and registrants to capture additional details surrounding catches of their “personal-best” bass and bass exceeding 13 pounds in weight. Collectively, these angler-supplied data encompass the most extensive and comprehensive dataset of trophy bass catches in Florida or beyond. In this presentation, we explore the where, when, and how (and more) of trophy bass catches in Florida to provide bass anglers and biologists with a more in-depth understanding of one of Florida’s most iconic freshwater fisheries.

Cold Tolerance of Non-Native Tropical Freshwater Fish in Aquarium Trade

Presenter:	Meghan Eaton *
Institution:	University of Florida
Coauthors:
	Quenton Tuckett \| University of Florida Jeffrey Hill \| University of Florida
Abstract:
	Freshwater tropical ornamental fish are economically important in the global aquarium trade and in Florida aquaculture. These industries are also pathways for the introduction of non-native species. The potential impacts of non-native species can have important ecological and economic consequences, making it essential to understand the factors that influence their establishment and spread. Temperature tolerance is a key factor in invasion success, with low temperatures particularly limiting the establishment and spread of tropical species outside of warm regions in the conterminous United States. Unfortunately, many species lack estimates of cold tolerance. To address this data gap, chronic lethal minimum (CLmin) methodology was conducted by decreasing water temperature by 1°C per day on experimental fish; control fish were maintained at the acclimation temperature (24°C). Three critical endpoints were identified: cessation of feeding, loss of equilibrium (LOE), and death (CLmin). Fifty non-native freshwater species, that are important in Florida aquaculture and the global aquarium trade, have been selected and endpoints have been estimated for 22. Most tropical fish die between 10°C and 12°C with a majority of the species tested dying around 11°C. The fish with the lowest average CLmin was the Redeye Tetra Bario sanctaefilomenae which ceased feeding at 13.1°C, lost equilibrium at 8.0°C, and had a CLmin of 6.2°C. The least cold tolerant fish on average was the X-ray Tetra Pristella maxillaris that ceased feeding at 15.4°C, lost equilibrium at 14.3°C, and had a CLmin of 13.15°C. The range of temperatures between the highest and lowest CLmin is ecologically significant as fish could establish at different temperatures and will not have the same risk of invasion.

Movement strategy selection mediates trophic niche dynamics in estuarine predator

Presenter:	Cody Eggenberger *
Institution:	Florida International University
Coauthors:
	Ryan Rezek \| Coastal Carolina University W. Ryan James \| Florida International University Rolando Santos \| Florida International University Christopher Madden \| South Florida Water Management District Jennifer Rehage \| Florida International University Rene Price \| Florida International University
Abstract:
	Spatiotemporal heterogeneity, or the variation in environmental conditions, resources, or risks, shapes animal movement, leading to distinct, repeated movement patterns known as movement strategies or syndromes. These strategies influence species interactions, population dynamics, and ecosystem function, yet most research has focused on terrestrial systems, with limited attention to aquatic environments. Our study examines how environmental heterogeneity influences movement strategy selection and trophic dynamics in Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis), a mesoconsumer fish, within two neighboring subestuaries (Alligator Creek and McCormick Creek) in Everglades National Park. Using acoustic telemetry and stable isotope analysis, we investigated how movement strategies relate to energy channel dependence and trophic niche partitioning. We found that Snook movement strategies were linked to distinct energy sources in both subestuaries. In Alligator Creek, Snook relied more on pelagic energy pathways, whereas in McCormick Creek, they depended on demersal energy sources. Trophic niche width also varied by movement strategy but in different ways across systems. In Alligator Creek, resident Snook (characterized by limited movement) had compressed trophic niches. In McCormick Creek, however, resident Snook exhibited the widest trophic niches, while transient Snook (characterized by high movement frequency and range use) had the most restricted trophic niches. Notably, trophic level was not associated with movement strategy selection in either system. These findings suggest that Snook movement strategies in these estuaries are more influenced by extrinsic factors, such as hydrology and resource dynamics, rather than intrinsic traits like body size or age. Understanding how water management and ecosystem health shape movement and trophic dynamics is critical for conservation and management, especially as Everglades restoration efforts progress and anthropogenic impacts increasingly alter estuarine ecosystems globally.

Assessing a Novel Hook-and-Line Fishery for Hogfish off the West Coast of Florida: Effort, Discards, and Associated Mortality

Presenter:	Leonardo Eguia He/Him *
Institution:	Fish and Wildlife Reseach Insititute/University of Florida
Coauthors:
	Debra Murie \| University of Florida
Abstract:
	Hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus) are haremic, protogynous hermaphrodites and the largest wrasse in the Atlantic, including the west Florida shelf. Increasing regulatory closures of other species have subjected Hogfish to increased pressure from recreational anglers. Historically, Hogfish have been targeted using spear fishing, but hook-and-line landings are increasing, particularly in the west coast of Florida. At the same time, discards have also increased but there is no published information on their discard mortality rate. This study aims to analyze trends in catch, effort, and discards for Hogfish in recreational fisheries off the west coast of Florida. Data collected by the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI) and NOAA Fisheries will be analyzed by gear type to describe effort trends following regulatory closures of other species. FWRI for-hire observer data will be analyzed to determine trends between environmental factors and barotrauma. Hogfish harvested on for-hire vessels will be necropsied to evaluate internal damage associated with barotrauma. Preliminary results suggest that Hogfish are typically targeted in 10-20 m depth, but often exhibit signs of catastrophic barotrauma, including exophthalmia and raised scales. For-hire vessels primarily discard Hogfish utilizing no barotrauma mitigation practices, such as venting or descending (83% are surface released). While overall catch is increasing over time, discards are increasing at a faster rate than harvests. Despite not being overfished or undergoing overfishing, based on the 2017 stock assessment, increasing effort towards this protogynous hermaphrodite that is vulnerable to barotrauma may have severe consequences on the health of the population without increased research and management.

Exploring disinfectant methods for removal of ciliates from marine copepod cultures

Presenter:	Maribeth Eslava
Institution:	University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab
Coauthors:
	Grace McCranie \| University of Florida Casey Murray \| University of Florida Matthew DiMaggio \| University of Florida
Abstract:
	Marine ornamental aquaculture often relies on the use of live feeds such as copepods, rotifers, and Artemia spp. during early larval stages. Marine copepod nauplii, such as those produced by Parvocalanus crassirostris are considered an ideal food source for first-feeding larval fish due to their high nutritional value and small size (40-50μm wide). However, contamination of copepod cultures by ciliates such as Euplotes spp. pose a challenge to maintaining robust cultures. Ciliate contamination of live feeds often results in decreased naupliar production and increased microalgae demand. This project investigated different disinfection methods on copepod eggs with the goal of removing ciliates while maintaining the viability of the eggs. Initial experiments evaluated iodine, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide for efficacy of ciliate removal. Euplotes spp. ciliates were exposed to each disinfectant at a range of concentrations in 24-well plates and observed under microscope to determine time until death. Successful disinfection was defined as the time at which all ciliates in the well plate stopped moving. Once a range of successful concentrations and durations was established, subsequent experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the disinfectants on copepod egg viability. These experiments examined the hatch rates of P. crassirostris eggs exposed to three concentrations of each disinfectant or a control of sterile seawater. After an 18-hour incubation period, the total number of nauplii and eggs were recorded. The results showed a significant difference between the control and the treatment hatch rates, with iodine and sodium hypochlorite having an inhibitive effect on hatch, while hydrogen peroxide had a positive effect as compared to the control. These results will be used to inform copepod disinfection protocols and can also serve as a model for future disinfection studies of other copepod taxa.

From beginning to end: Investigating the strength of biotic resistance across life stages

Presenter:	Katie Everett she/her
Institution:	UF/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory
Coauthors:
	Jeffrey Hill \| UF/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory Quenton Tuckett \| UF/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory
Abstract:
	Biotic resistance can be broadly defined as the ability of resident species and communities to limit invasions. The strength of biotic resistance can be attributed to species traits, community interactions and attributes, and ecosystem features. Species may also be differentially affected across life stages, with stronger resistance at specific stages. Failure to account for stage-dependent interactions may result in an underestimation of biotic resistance to nonnative species, and thus, an incomplete understanding of invasion successes or failures. The relationship between the native Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), and the nonnative Tropical Clawed Frog (Xenopus tropicalis; TCF) provides a model system for investigating stage-specific biotic resistance. We hypothesized that: 1) mosquitofish resistance to TCFs would be stronger to egg and larval life stages, 2) greater resident fish densities result in stronger resistance to TCF tadpoles, 3) cannibalism and multiple predator effects alter the strength of biotic resistance to TCFs, and 4) greater habitat complexity reduces the effect of mosquitofish aggression, increasing TCF tadpole survival. We tested all four hypotheses with either wild-caught or lab-reared individuals in controlled laboratory experiments. TCF eggs and larval stages suffer near-total mortality when paired with mosquitofish, but are not affected post-metamorphosis. Mosquitofish density and habitat complexity had little effect on TCF tadpole survival, with high tadpole mortality at all tested fish and stem densities. Little cannibalism was observed between adult TCFs and tadpoles alone, but the combination of adult frogs and mosquitofish consistently resulted in high tadpole mortality, indicating facilitation between predators. These results highlight the importance of testing biotic resistance across life stages and are promising for the use of mosquitofish as a biological control of TCFs in Florida.

Challenges in addressing fisheries connectivity: the missing habitat in estuarine monitoring

Presenter:	Kerry Flaherty-Walia she/her
Institution:	Tampa Bay Estuary Program
Coauthors:
	Jamie Williams \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Brittany Bottom \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Sean Keenan \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Brent Winner \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Philip Stevens \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Robert Ellis \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Christopher Pratt \| Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County Theodore Switzer \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Abstract:
	Hard bottom habitats (ex., limestone outcroppings, artificial reefs) support diverse nekton communities on the West Florida Shelf, but their role in estuaries has been understudied due to sampling challenges. Over the past 15 years, several gear types (fish traps, hook and line, and baited remote underwater video systems) were developed to survey nekton communities associated with natural and artificial hard bottom in Tampa Bay. Unique nekton assemblages were observed on estuarine hard bottom that are a mixture of species found among estuarine seagrasses and offshore reefs. Community structure varied significantly by habitat type, season, and, to a lesser extent, year, driven by abundance patterns in forage fishes and economically important reef fishes. Monitoring revealed that estuarine hard bottom habitats provide transitional areas for reef fishes during their early life history before emigrating to offshore reefs as adults. Limited funding and capacity have hindered continued monitoring of estuarine hard bottom, leading to only ephemeral snapshots of these communities during project-specific studies. For example, monitoring resumed after an acute perturbation (Piney Point facility spill and subsequent red tide event) and in conjunction with the assessment of a relic tire reef within Tampa Bay. Future work aims to collaborate with partners to integrate nekton surveys with planned decadal surveys of epibenthic communities on artificial and natural reefs. Conducting these previously disparate surveys together in space and time will allow for the assessment of habitat quality across faunal communities, inform the effectiveness and functionality of artificial reefs as restored hard bottom habitat, and provide decadal trends to support management, especially given ongoing range expansion of tropical species. By taking advantage of individual projects and finding innovative collaborations, valuable fisheries assessments can be continued in the face of limitations in funding and monitoring capacity.

FWC Atlantic Red Snapper Exempted Fishing Permit (EFP) Project: Overview

Presenter:	Kristin Foss
Institution:	FWC
Abstract:
	The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) developed and was awarded funding for three separate projects to test innovative management approaches to reduce discards of Atlantic red snapper using Exempted Fishing Permits (EFPs). EFPs are permits that allow harvest for certain purposes that would otherwise be prohibited under current federal regulations. The overarching objectives of the projects are to collaborate with recreational anglers to collect better data, provide additional red snapper harvest opportunities, and test new, innovative management ideas aimed at reducing dead discards across the South Atlantic recreational snapper grouper fishery. The three projects are located on Florida’s Atlantic coast, with the Hot Spot Fleet and Study Fleet taking place north of Cape Canaveral to the FL/GA line, and the Southeast Snapper Grouper Fleet from Cape Canaveral to the Florida Keys. The projects are broken down into 4, 3-month quarters in which recreational anglers apply to be a part of each project and a total of 410 anglers are selected each quarter. The projects have been successful, with over 16,000 applications across three quarters, positive feedback from participants, and a significant amount of data collected that will be used for future management. However, implementation of EFPs have not been without challenges and hurdles. These projects have been a collaborative effort across FWC and with Florida’s recreational fishing community. This presentation is the first of four focused on different aspects of the EFP Projects, providing an overview of project development, implementation, and management.

Thermal tolerance of a native Florida batoid throughout ontogeny

Presenter:	Mary Gardella She/Her *
Institution:	Nova Southeastern University
Coauthors:
	David Kerstetter \| Nova Southeastern University
Abstract:
	Investigations on the impacts of rising temperatures in marine ecosystems are becoming increasingly important as the climate continues to change. Ocean temperatures are predicted to increase by 1.5 – 3°C by 2050. Short duration warming events such as the 2023 heat wave in the Florida Keys (1.5°C above 2003-2022 average) are already occurring and becoming more frequent. Increases in temperature will cause habitat shifts, thermoregulatory behavior changes, negative physiological effects, and increases in mortality. As the impacts of climate change continue, it is critical to investigate the effects on ecologically important mesopredators, whose population declines could lead to destabilization of marine food webs. Specifically, little is currently known about the ability of batoids to adapt to temperature extremes nor about how temperature changes affect batoids across different life stages. We investigated the influence of elevated temperatures on metabolic rates of a species of native Florida batoid, the Yellow Stingray (Urobatis jamaicensis). Specimens will be collected via SCUBA and use of hand nets in the first reef track off Hollywood, FL. Following collection, live stingrays will be transported to the Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, where they will be housed for the remainder of the study. Intermittent flow respirometry will be performed on neonates (8 – 8.5 cm disc width), then again six months later on the same individuals to determine changes in tolerance throughout ontogeny. Stingrays will be exposed to three temperatures relevant to climate change projections in South Florida (25ºC, 30ºC, 35ºC). We anticipate that neonates will be more vulnerable to thermal stress than juveniles, as neonates display higher sensitivity to warming events. This study will aid in predicting the effect of climate change on this important species in South Florida ecosystems.

Ecosystem Modeling and Other Projects: lessons for bridging the gap between technology and science for fisheries projects

Presenter:	Lauren Gentry She/her
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Abstract:
	The Information Science and Management section of FWC-FWRI manages and assists with projects across the region, from GIS and statistical support to deploying technology in the field. One such project has been the development of the South Atlantic Reef Fish Ecospace model for the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council (SAFMC). This project was initiated in 1999, and the single largest contribution to its current success has been creating a diverse team to work collaboratively across the fisheries, management, and technology facets. However, in addition to having the diverse team, someone was needed to speak the common language and move all parts of the team forward. This “bridging the gap” pattern has emerged in several other IS&M projects, from adding science staff with scripting knowledge to a team building an underwater camera – to adding IT leadership to a task force bringing Shiny Apps to the institute. Building a diverse team is only one step, and from international initiatives to small internal projects, we’ve found that finding the translator – the person who has familiarity with the difference knowledge bases, their jargon, and their fundamentals – is pivotal to moving forward a stalled project.

Gone but not forgotten: collaborative telemetry network provides insight into out-of-system movements of Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis)

Presenter:	Victoria Goldner
Institution:	Florida International University Institute of Environment Miami Florida 33199
Coauthors:
	M. White \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 C. Eggenberger \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 A. A. Jones \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 C. C. Atkinson \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 J. R. Rodemann \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 W. R. James \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 J. A. Massie \| University of Vermont, Vermont Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, Burlington, Vermont, 05405 A. M. Kroetz \| Havenworth Coastal Conservation, Palmetto, Florida, 34221 P. M. O’Donnell \| Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Naples, Florida, 34113 R. E. Boucek \| Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, Miami, Florida 33133 R. O. Santos \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 J. S. Rehage \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199
Abstract:
	The movements of Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) within estuarine river systems have been extensively studied in southwest Florida but there has been little investigation into how snook move outside of these systems. Here, we used seven years (2017 – 2023) of acoustic telemetry data from the Shark River Florida Coastal Everglades Array (SRFCEA) and other collaborative telemetry arrays in southwest Florida to gain a better understanding of the long-distance migrations out of the Shark River (Everglades National Park, FL, USA) of Common Snook. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to assess the relationships surrounding out-of-system movements with consideration for fish size and time of year. Our findings identify that most snook leave the Shark River during the spawning season and that increased time spent outside the SR on individual forays decreases the likelihood of an upriver return. Additionally, individuals that depart from the system are equally likely to be detected on arrays to the north and south of the mouth of the Shark River. This study demonstrates trends associated with out-of-system movements of snook tagged in the Shark River while simultaneously highlighting the importance of collaborative telemetry networks to enable the investigation of large-scale fish movements.

Caught in the Act: Trends in Depredation from Electronic Monitoring Footage

Presenter:	Katie Harrington she/her *
Institution:	University of South Florida/Mote Marine Laboratory
Coauthors:
	Carole Neidig \| Mote Marine Laboratory Ryan Schloesser \| Mote Marine Laboratory
Abstract:
	Depredation, the partial or complete removal of hooked fish by predators before retrieval, is increasingly cited as a growing concern among commercial bottom longline fishermen in the eastern Gulf of America (formerly Gulf of Mexico). These interactions can lead to economic losses, increased fishing mortality, and altered predator-prey dynamics. While preliminary analyses of Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Observer Program data indicate depredation rates increased from 2007-2019, quantifying these trends remains a long-term, management-based research priority for NOAA Fisheries. This study will utilize electronic monitoring (EM) footage from 16 commercial bottom longline vessels fishing in the eastern Gulf (2016-2024) to assess whether depredation rates are increasing and to examine potential correlations between depredation and shark bycatch. Using generalized additive models (GAMs) and spatial hotspot mapping, we hypothesize that both depredation and shark bycatch have increased over time and exhibit spatial variation. Findings from this analysis will enhance our understanding of long-term depredation trends, provide a baseline for future research, and support the development of targeted management strategies and mitigation measures.

Caught in the Act: Trends in Depredation from Electronic Monitoring Footage

Presenter:	Katie Harrington she/her *
Institution:	University of South Florida/Mote Marine Laboratory
Coauthors:
	Carole Neidig \| Mote Marine Laboratory Ryan Schloesser \| Mote Marine Laboratory
Abstract:
	Depredation, the partial or complete removal of hooked fish by predators before retrieval, is increasingly cited as a growing concern among commercial bottom longline fishermen in the eastern Gulf of America (formerly Gulf of Mexico). These interactions can lead to economic losses, increased fishing mortality, and altered predator-prey dynamics. While preliminary analyses of Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Observer Program data indicate depredation rates increased from 2007-2019, quantifying these trends remains a long-term, management-based research priority for NOAA Fisheries. This study will utilize electronic monitoring (EM) footage from 16 commercial bottom longline vessels fishing in the eastern Gulf (2016-2024) to assess whether depredation rates are increasing and to examine potential correlations between depredation and shark bycatch. Using generalized additive models (GAMs) and spatial hotspot mapping, we hypothesize that both depredation and shark bycatch have increased over time and exhibit spatial variation. Findings from this analysis will enhance our understanding of long-term depredation trends, provide a baseline for future research, and support the development of targeted management strategies and mitigation measures.

How Temporal Changes Affect Parasites in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Presenter:	Delaney Harris she/her *
Institution:	Florida Southern College
Abstract:
	Parasitic infection rates of freshwater fish are impacted by seasonal changes. Our study focuses on Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in Lakeland, Florida and how their parasitic load changes temporally. Florida lacks studies on how abiotic factors impact invasive freshwater fish loads of helminths. This study compares different climate factors (i.e. rainfall and temperature) and eutrophication to the prevalence of different parasitic species in Nile Tilapia. We also aim to determine if there is a relationship in fish size to the overall abundance of parasites. Our study has found there is a slight positive relationship in fish size and parasite abundance. The majority of the parasites found have been nematodes nested in the outer tissues of the intestinal tract, using the Nile Tilapia as an intermediate host. Identifying how infection rates change in invasive species is important in order to properly understand the abiotic drivers of parasite populations. This will help ecologists with native fish species’ parasitic burden patterns.

Time and Tide wait for no fish

Presenter:	Bob Heagey
Institution:	FWC-FWRI
Abstract:
	Anglers often aim to fish during optimal tidal conditions for their target species, and many attribute their success-or lack thereof-to the tide. The Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program has maintained an extensive dataset since 1989, including catch data from 21.3-meter seines, 183-m seines and 6.1-meter otter trawls focused on juvenile and adult fishes in Tampa Bay. This summary examines whether the tidal stage recorded at the time of FIM sampling helps to explain variability in catch rates with these gears.

Effects of Forward-Facing Sonar on Angler Catch Rates of Black Crappie and Largemouth Bass in Lake Talquin, FL

Presenter:	Ryan Henry
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Andy Strickland \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Morgan Winstead \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Abstract:
	With the development of forward-facing sonar (FFS), anglers have voiced their concerns regarding this technology leading to increases in angling pressure and overfishing. This study investigated 1) differences in catch rates between Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans and Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus anglers with and without FFS, 2) differences in harvest and release rates between FFS and non-FFS Crappie anglers, and 3) whether size of fish captured differed between FFS and non-FFS anglers. A roving creel survey was conducted on Lake Talquin, Florida, from Feb-June 2024. All interviewed anglers were asked trip length, target species, whether they were using forward-facing sonar, and number of fish caught and released. A total of 16% of all anglers, 26% of Black Crappie anglers, and 28% of Largemouth Bass anglers were using forward-facing sonar while fishing. There was moderate evidence that FFS anglers caught and released Crappie at a higher rate (FFS = 1.03 fish/hr ± 0.2, Non-FFS 0.58 fish/hr ± 0.1; P = 0.028). There was very strong statistical evidence that Bass anglers using FFS had higher catch (FFS = 1.32 ± 0.2 fish/hr, Non-FFS = 0.51 ± 0.0.07 fish/hr; P = 0.0001) and very strong evidence that catch rate of Largemouth Bass ≥ 406 mm was higher for FFS anglers than non-FFS anglers (FFS = 0.49 ± 0.15 fish/hr, non-FFS = 0.09 ± 0.03 fish/hr; P = 0.0004). Our results provide evidence to suggest that anglers using FFS have higher catch rates for Largemouth Bass, Largemouth Bass ≥ 406 mm, and higher release rates for Black Crappie than non-FFS anglers. As angling technology continues to advance, there is a need for fisheries managers to closely monitor angler effort, catch, and harvest, especially as the use of forward-facing sonar may increase in the future.

Investigating the Role of SREB Receptors in Reproductive Function Using Novel Agonists and Comparative Fish Models

Presenter:	Charles Heyder *
Institution:	Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Ruskin FL.
Coauthors:
	Casey Murray \| Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Ruskin, FL. Timothy Breton \| Department of Biology, University of Maine at Farmington, Farmington, ME. Christopher Martyniuk \| College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Matthew DiMaggio \| Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Ruskin, FL.
Abstract:
	The SREB (Super-Conserved Receptors Expressed in Brain) family of receptors, including SREB1, 2, 3a, and 3b, are suspected to influence the reproductive cascade of vertebrates with additional putative involvement in immune function and energy metabolism. There is, however, a lack of data concerning non-mammalian vertebrates, such as fish. Recent research has focused on identifying the individual and collective roles of these receptors, as well as determining their ligands and downstream signaling pathways to gain insight into their function in fishes. Here we present an overview of the experimental design and findings of an in vitro study using a comparative fish model, including Zebrafish (Danio rerio), Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus), and Green Spotted Pufferfish (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis), each with varying SREB expression patterns. This study aims to identify how these receptors respond when exposed to newly developed SREB agonists, PT-91 and 8535, which have been identified to activate these receptors, as well as to Phoenixin (PNX), a suspected endogenous ligand of SREB3. In vitro assays were performed using ovaries from multiple fish of each species. Ovaries were removed and divided into approximately five equal portions and then placed into treatment-specific wells of a 24-well plate and incubated at 28? for 6 hours. Transcriptomic and steroid characterizations of ovarian tissue and culture media, respectively, will provide insights into the unknown effects of these treatments on gonadal tissues underlying processes. Preliminary results in zebrafish indicate upregulation of energy production-associated genes with PT-91 treatment and upregulation of genes involved in reproduction with 8535 treatment. Furthermore, data from this study may provide a framework for induced spawning applications in aquaculture production. Subsequent experiments will be conducted using these novel agonists as spawning inducers to determine their effects on fish reproduction in vivo.

Invasiveness Risk Screening Results Differ Between Established and Newly Introduced Swamp Eels (Synbranchidae)

Presenter:	Jeffrey Hill
Institution:	University of Florida/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory
Coauthors:
	Meghan Eaton \| University of Florida/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory Quenton Tuckett \| University of Florida/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory
Abstract:
	Synbranchid eels from Asia are increasingly introduced globally. The Asian Swamp Eel Monopterus albus/javenensis was first reported in Florida in 1997. Asian Swamp Eels were commonly imported into the USA for live food sales. Released individuals resulted in three Florida populations (Tampa Bay, Miami, and Homestead). The Cuchia Amphipnous cuchia has largely supplanted Asian Swamp Eel in live fish markets and has been recently introduced into several U.S. states, including Florida. A bioprofile and updated risk screening were completed for Asian Swamp Eel due to renewed interest in its spread and impacts and the initial bioprofile and risk screen were completed for the Cuchia as a newly introduced species in Florida. A bioprofile provides information about the organism, invasive potential in Florida, and data gaps. Risk screening using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit provides (1) hazard identification, (2) estimation of risk level, (3) identification of data gaps, and (4) support for decisions regarding additional risk assessment. An assessment for Asian Swamp Eel in Florida in 2012 scored risk as medium (upper). We assessed this species well into the high-risk range. Our initial assessment of Cuchia scored as medium (upper). The large difference in scoring (31 vs. 10.5) resulted partly from the relatively large amount of information, including new impacts studies, on Asian Swamp Eel in Florida, whereas little information was available for the Cuchia. The results suggest that Cuchia is a potential hazard, has important data gaps, and that effective risk management will require additional research and assessment. Risk assessment is not static; new data may warrant updated assessment. Further, increased knowledge reduces uncertainty and improves assessment. The ecomorphological similarity of the two synbranchid eels raises questions of potential increases in scoring for Cuchia over time, suggesting a cautious approach to risk management.

Evaluating Fish Connectivity and Resilience Through Seascape Genomics Across Coastal Reef Ecosystems

Presenter:	Taylor Hill *
Institution:	Department of Biology University of Central Florida Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster Orlando FL USA
Coauthors:
	Michelle R. Gaither \| Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, Orlando, FL, USA
Abstract:
	Florida’s coral reef fish populations are under threat due to compounding human pressures. A critical challenge in fisheries science is understanding population connectivity across geographic scales and the resilience of marine species to environmental change. This project utilizes advanced genomics and modeling techniques to examine coral reef fish connectivity and adaptation across Florida’s coastal ecosystems. Using a comparative approach, we analyze multiple species with diverse reproductive strategies to better understand how life history influences connectivity. Seascape genomics integrates molecular data with environmental parameters, offering insights into how environmental variables influence reef fish and their adaptive potential. Here we will use gene-environment association analyses to identify alleles linked to specific environmental conditions across the sampling region. In addition, traditional population genetic analyses will evaluate isolation by distance, genetic variation, and connectivity. By applying molecular tools such as RADseq and SNP genotyping, we will elucidate population structure, migration patterns, and local adaptation. This multi-species, comparative approach will enhance our understanding of evolutionary processes and inform conservation efforts, contributing to the long-term sustainability of Florida’s coral reef ecosystems.

Is it hot in here? Analyzing how water conditions affect Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas) catch rates.

Presenter:	Brady Huber He/Him *
Institution:	Florida Southern College
Coauthors:
	Gabriel Langford \| Florida Southern College Allison Durland-Donahou \| Florida Southern College
Abstract:
	Estuaries around the world are utilized as nursery grounds for many aquatic species, including Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leucas. As the effects of climate change become more prominent, it is important to analyze how the organisms within these estuaries respond to changing water conditions. We aim to quantify how juvenile C. leucas populations are responding to ecosystem changes by analyzing them over time. We utilized gill nets to capture juvenile C. leucas in the Alafia River Estuary (ARE), an estuarine nursery ground in the northeastern corner of Hillsborough Bay, Florida. This study was conducted over four years (2021-2024) and included 229 individual Bull Sharks. We collected water quality measurements [temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, and conductivity] using a YSI multimeter probe to assess their effects on the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of juvenile C. leucas in the ARE. While the effects of salinity and conductivity were negligible, temperature and DO were correlated with Bull Shark CPUE. With current climate change projections, the trend we are seeing now will only intensify as the waters warm and hypoxia becomes more prevalent. As such, our preliminary results highlight the need for increased action to slow the rate of climate change, so that we can better protect our natural resources and the organisms that depend on them.

Movement patterns of Cubera Snapper along the southeast coast of Florida

Presenter:	Dayna Hunn
Institution:	FWC – FWRI
Coauthors:
	Ashton Lyon \| FWC – FWRI Eli Bradley \| FWC – FWRI Phil Stevens \| FWC – FWRI Tom Twyford \| West Palm Beach Fishing Club – Palm Beach Fishing Foundation James Whittington \| FWC – FWRI
Abstract:
	Understanding fish movement patterns across different life stages is essential for effective species management. Cubera snapper, Lutjanus cyanopterus is a large, reef-associated species distributed throughout the western Atlantic. While it is known Cubera Snapper form large spawning aggregations, little is understood about their movement patterns and habitat use during the sub-adult to adult stage. Since 2020, 29 Cubera Snapper ranging in size from 455mm to 765 mm total length were acoustically tagged with help from the West Palm Beach Fishing Club near the Jupiter Inlet and Loxahatchee River. A total of 28 of 29 individuals were detected with 13 indicating movement offshore. These individuals indicated a coverage range at sites along the east coast of Florida from Canaveral to Riley’s Hump in the Florida Keys. Preferred areas were identified for length of stay and repeated trips to these locations indicating critical habitats for feeding, shelter or spawning

10 Years of Long-Term Aquatic Habitat Monitoring of Florida Lakes in Support of Fisheries Management and Research

Presenter:	Kevin Johnson
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Jennifer Jennifer \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Kirk Dunn \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Rachel Liebman \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Aleah Koskinen \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Chase DeJarnett \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Katerina Sawickij \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Daniel Nelson \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Abstract:
	The Freshwater Fisheries Long Term Monitoring (LTM) Program of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) began in 2006 with the intent to use standardized sampling protocols to obtain data that could be used by fishery managers and researchers to inform trends in population dynamics and species composition for Florida’s important lentic freshwater fisheries (i.e., core lakes) on an annual basis. In 2015, the need to incorporate a lake-scale habitat monitoring project as part of the LTM Program was realized and standardized protocols were established. Protocols focused on collecting data that would generate whole-lake percent area covered and percent volume infested (i.e., biovolume) estimates for submersed vegetation and vegetation species-specific locations, frequency of occurrence, and density estimates annually in core lakes. Additionally in 2015, funding from FWC’s Invasive Plant Management Section allowed for the expansion of habitat mapping to LTM Program non-core lakes. Annual habitat monitoring focuses on using boat hydroacoustic remote sensing with a Lowrance High-Definition sonar unit and BioBase’s (www.biobasemaps.com) sonar data processing algorithms to map submersed vegetation coverage and biovolume along evenly spaced transects. We also use point-intercept grids along the same transects to collect species-specific aquatic vegetation data, typically between the months of June and September. These sonar and point-intercept data were then used to create whole-lake vegetation maps and summary statistics that were shared with management and research partners. To date we have collected aquatic vegetation mapping data at least once on 140 lakes, 14 of which have been mapped annually, and 76 of which have been mapped at least twice since 2015. Statewide and regional data trends from the first 10 years of this project were also explored. Habitat mapping data from this project have proven invaluable for FWC and external partners in the monitoring, management, and research of Florida’s lentic freshwater fisheries.

You Are What You Eat: Establishing Tapeworm Life Cycles in Juvenile Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leucas and Their Prey

Presenter:	Molly Kennedy she/her *
Institution:	Florida Southern College
Coauthors:
	Gabriel Langford \| Florida Southern College Melanie Langford \| Florida Southern College Allison Durland Donahou \| Florida Southern College Kaitlyn Gallagher \| Florida Southern College
Abstract:
	Predator-prey interactions are challenging to identify in aquatic ecosystems because marine environments are less hospitable for sampling equipment and thus less accessible. Studying parasites found in various different hosts within marine ecosystems can overcome these challenges because the nature of parasitic life cycles allows ecologists to observe trophic relationships by identifying the hosts a parasite uses throughout its lifetime. New technology allows for more accurate morphological and genomic comparison of the genera and species of parasitic tapeworms in aquatic environments, including the historically understudied Tampa Bay. A variety of parasites, including tapeworms are known to be hosted by Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leucas that reside in Tampa Bay from pupping to juvenile age classes. This study has identified four unique adult tapeworms in Bull Sharks: Cathetocephalus sp., Paraorygmatobothrium sp., order Trypanorhyncha, and a yet to be identified adult. Tapeworms can aid in confirming a predator-prey link by showing that the same species of cestodes occur in both predator and prey as adults and larvae, respectively. It is hypothesized that these sharks are preying upon the Hardhead Catfish Ariopsis felis and other abundant teleost fishes. This study aims to confirm the intermediate and final hosts of these identified adults by analyzing the genome of both the adult and larvae. It is important to understand the life cycles of parasites within apex predators, such as the Bull Shark, in order to better map the characteristics of a healthy nursery ecosystem.

Seasonal use of spring rivers and shifts in space use related to winter cold snaps by Common Snook in northern Florida

Presenter:	Gloria Keough
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Coauthors:
	Alexis Trotter \| FWC-FWRI Kyle Williams \| FWC-FWRI Philip Stevens \| FWC-FWRI Micheal Allen \| NCBS Kym Holzwart \| SWFWMD
Abstract:
	Globally increasing temperatures are driving changes in ecosystem dynamics and species distribution. In the Gulf of Mexico, mild winter temperatures are associated with northern shifts in the range of tropical and subtropical species, such as the recreationally important Centropomus undecimalis (hereafter, Snook). This species has a lower lethal temperature that requires thermal refugia in order to survive winter temperatures that occur in the expanded range. Crystal River, with over 70 known spring vents throughout Kings Bay, is a well-documented thermal refuge for the Florida manatee, as the groundwater discharge maintains a consistent temperature throughout the year. More recently, it has been shown to provide refuge for Snook. From December 2021-March 2025, acoustically tagged Snook (n=60) were tracked using an array of 21 acoustic receivers deployed throughout the river and Kings Bay. These detection data were used to create kernel density maps to show the space use of fish seasonally and in response to strong cold fronts. Seasonally, Snook were detected moving downriver and ultimately leaving the river in spring and summer for suspected spawning, and moving into the river and towards Kings Bay in the fall and winter. In winter, Snook primarily used Kings Bay. In response to strong cold fronts, space use shifted, and detections increased around receivers closest to springheads, particularly those with the highest discharge rates. These data will provide guidance for water managers as they re-evaluate minimum flows and levels for these spring-fed rivers over the next few years.

Evaluation of larval feeding protocols for the Albino Rainbow Sharkminnow (Epalzeorhynchos frenatum)

Presenter:	Travis Knorr *
Institution:	University of Florida
Coauthors:
	Casey Murray \| University of Florida Olivia Markham \| University of Florida Brittney Lacy \| University of Florida Amy Wood \| University of Florida Matthew DiMaggio \| University of Florida
Abstract:
	Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) nauplii are widely utilized as a first-feed in ornamental aquaculture protocols due to their ease of use, digestibility, and appropriate nutritional composition. However, fluctuating costs, nutritional inconsistencies, and labor required for decapsulation and daily hatching present challenges for producers reliant on Artemia. Potential alternatives include microparticulate and liquid microdiets, though the absence of motility in these feeds may limit ingestion rates, potentially impacting early larval growth and survival. In previous studies, feed attractants have been shown to improve ingestion rates of inert feeds through chemosensory stimulation. Liquid Artemia replacement diets, originally developed for shrimp aquaculture, offer an inert alternative that may also be suitable for larval fish species currently reliant on Artemia nauplii. This study evaluated the efficacy of three amino acid-based feed attractants-L-alanine, betaine, and L-tryptophan-top-dressed onto commercial microparticulate diets, as well as two liquid Artemia replacement diets (Liqualife® and EZ-Artemia®), to assess their viability as cost-effective substitutes.

The Development of a Long-Term Monitoring Program for Freshwater Fish Communities and Sportfish

Presenter:	Aleah Koskinen
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Kimberly Bonvechio \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Abstract:
	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s Long-term Monitoring (LTM) Program, established in 2006, includes 39 core freshwater systems that are sampled using a standardized sampling protocol. The LTM Program aims to monitor long-term trends of freshwater fish and aquatic vegetation and provide useful information to inform management decisions and research efforts. Understanding the evolution of this monitoring program and development of these protocols are consequential for future advancements. Therefore, this poster reviews how the LTM protocols were established, focusing on sample size, collection methodology, and data processing of freshwater fish communities and sportfish. To establish sample size, researchers analyzed five metrics to assess the fish community and found that 25 electrofishing sites were sufficient for estimating community diversity in select Florida lakes. Alternatively, the estimated sample size for Florida Bass (Micropterus salmoides) varies based on the variability in mean electrofishing catch rate and total number of fish collected. The goal is to use quantitative data to optimize statistical properties while minimizing effort. Current collection methodology considers monitoring goals whilst accounting for biases in gear type. For example, electrofishing is used to survey nearshore communities and sportfish, though some species are less responsive to shocking and depths over six feet are challenging. In contrast, otter trawls are used in open water and are advantageous for capturing bottom and midwater species. Once collected, long-term data is entered, vetted, and stored in a centralized database that can be accessed for future analysis. Efforts to determine representative sample sizes, appropriate gear types, and a functional database are critical for shaping effective sampling protocols.

Fisheries-independent hooked gear survey to provide distribution, abundance, and demographics data on Gulf of Mexico managed reef fishes

Presenter:	Kelly Krause
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife
Coauthors:
	Eric Weather \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Caleb Purtlebaugh \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Brent Winner \| Florida Fish and Wildlife
Abstract:
	Experiments were conducted in flow-through 3L tanks stocked with 75 Epalzeorhynchos frenatum larvae per tank, fed twice daily for 7 to 21 days depending on the experimental trial. Feed attractants were tested across multiple inclusion rates to determine their influence on survival and growth. In a separate trial, liquid Artemia diets were evaluated at 50% and 100% replacement levels to assess performance compared to live Artemia spp. nauplii with respect to survival and growth.

Assessment of a newly discovered Central Florida Asian swamp eel population

Presenter:	Ted Lange
Institution:	www.myfwc.com-FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Noah Peterson \| FWC Nick Trippel \| FWC Mary Brown \| USGS
Abstract:
	Results indicated that diets top-dressed with feed attractants improved survival by up to 10%, suggesting a potential role in improving larval feeding success. However, neither liquid Artemia replacement diet resulted in measurable improvements in survival or growth. These findings highlight the potential benefits of feed attractant supplementation but underscore the continued limitations of current liquid Artemia alternatives in larval ornamental fish culture.

Increased rugosity of sponge restoration sites enhances invertebrate and fish communities on nearshore hardbottom habitats

Presenter:	Ellery Lennon She/her
Institution:	FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Insitute
Coauthors:
	Gabriel Delgado \| FWC-FWRI William Sharp \| FWC-FWRI
Abstract:
	The nearshore hardbottom habitats of the Florida Keys have experienced a decline in large structure-forming sponges over the last several decades. These sponges formed much of the three-dimensional structure and rugosity of this habitat, providing refuge for commercially and ecologically important invertebrates and fish. The loss of sponges has led to restoration efforts in Florida Bay, where outplanting has increased local sponge abundances. However, the capacity of these restored sites to support associated faunal communities remains unclear. Another restoration strategy currently being developed involves incorporating artificial habitat support structures into nearshore hardbottom restoration efforts in the Florida Keys. This pilot study assesses how using artificial structures to enhance the habitat complexity of sponge outplant sites can support faunal communities. We manipulated the rugosity of nearshore hardbottom habitats by growing sponges on baseplates of two different sizes to establish three low-rugosity plots, three high-rugosity plots, and three control plots. Plots were monitored quarterly for sediment depth, mobile invertebrates, and fish. Initial results indicate that high-rugosity plots support higher abundances of mobile benthic invertebrate and fish compared to the lower rugosity and control plots. Additionally, we detected decreased sediment depths in the high-rugosity plots which may enhance the recruitment of sessile benthic invertebrates and the ecological services they provide. This study demonstrates how enhancing sponge restoration sites with habitat support structures could support more diverse and abundant invertebrate and fish communities and initiate a positive ecological feedback loop that improves the ecological function of the degraded hardbottom habitat in the Florida Keys.

Can trophy Florida Bass Micropterus salmoides be spared from age samples?

Presenter:	Summer Lindelien
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC)
Coauthors:
	Jason O’Connor \| FWC Paul Schueller \| FWC Andrew Dutterer \| FWC
Abstract:
	Trophy Bass production is a key management priority in the Southeast, yet these large individuals are rarely sampled and often excluded from lethal age analysis due to their value. Dorsal fin spines provide a nonlethal alternative to otoliths for ageing Florida Bass. To assess the impact of spine-based age estimation error, we evaluated the sensitivity of total annual mortality and mean length-at-age using four scenarios: (1) all fish aged using dorsal spines, (2) only fish ≥ 40 cm TL aged using spines, (3) only fish ≥ 56 cm TL aged using spines, and (4) no age error with fish ≥ 56 cm TL excluded. Scenario 4 produced the least biased mortality and growth estimates; however, the magnitude of bias was relatively small for all scenarios. Scenario 4 slightly underestimated mortality, whereas the other scenarios slightly overestimated mortality. Bias in mean length-at-age estimates was most pronounced for scenario 4; however, bias also varied by age. Mean length-at-age estimates were relatively unbiased for age classes 1-6, but length tended to be overestimated for older age classes. Age data are an important component of fisheries management decision tools, and obtaining accurate age data should always be a high priority; however, we found the magnitude of using less accurate, but nonlethal ageing methods resulted in only modest bias in the resulting population rates of interest. Therefore, in certain management contexts, the benefits of using a nonlethal sampling protocol may outweigh the costs.

Funny Looking Squirrels: Morone spp. Stomach Contents in a Summer Thermal Refuge

Presenter:	Earl Lundy
Institution:	FL FWC
Coauthors:
	Jamie Casteel \| FL FWC Susanna Harrison \| Water & Air Reseach, formerly FL FWC Jay Holder \| FL FWC Andrew Marbury \| FL FWC
Abstract:
	Previous surveys throughout the St. Johns River system indicated that Silver Glen Springs, a first magnitude spring discharging into Lake George via a one-kilometer run, holds one of the largest summer aggregations of Morone spp. (of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis and Sunshine Bass Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) in the St. Johns River. Since 2005, biologists have used this seasonal concentration to collect data on the population. In August 2021, we initiated a diet study to examine the gut contents of Morone spp. using Silver Glen Springs as a thermal refuge and determine whether these fish are able to leave Silver Glen Springs to feed when water temperatures in Lake George are higher than 25°C. Between August 2021 and June 2022, we visited Silver Glen Springs monthly when Morones were present and collected 67 fish for dissection across seven sampling days. We found that several fish had ingested shell fragments, small invertebrates (e.g., dipterans, amphipods), and even acorn shells, but these items were likely swallowed incidentally as the fish moved around the headsprings. Only nine of the Morone spp. we examined had nutritious content (i.e., fish remains) in their stomachs. Of the nine specimens with fish remains in their stomachs, only two fish had gut contents weighing more than one gram. Parasites of the digestive tract and gills were prevalent in the fish we collected, occurring in over 25% of specimens. These results suggest that Morone spp. are unlikely to leave thermal refuge to feed when water temperatures are high and that starvation-induced stress during warmer months may negatively impact immune response to parasitic infections.

Assessment of Fish Spawning Aggregations: Residency and Movement Patterns of Gray Snapper (Lutjanus griseus) off Southeast Florida

Presenter:	Ashton Lyon He/Him
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Coauthors:
	Dayna Hunn \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Erick Ault \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Xaymara Serrano \| NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Chris Taylor \| NOAA Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
Abstract:
	Identifying and managing fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) is a top priority for fisheries and ecosystem management goals in Southeast Florida. This project builds upon previous research assessing FSAs with the objective of identifying species of interest, one of which being Gray Snapper (Lutjanus griseus). The purpose of this project is to examine residency and movement patterns in Gray Snapper suggestive of spawning aggregations by using an already established acoustic receiver array. A total of 75 Gray Snappers were acoustically tagged between the months of April and July in 2022 and 2023 in pre-determined locations near acoustic receiver stations within the boundaries of the Kristin Jacobs Coral Reef Ecosystem Conservation Area (ECA). Preliminary analysis revealed 63 of 75 individuals have been accounted for, with detections occurring across 21 acoustic receiver stations. On average, tagged individuals visited between one and three receiver stations with a range of movement varying between 0 and 17.64 km. Findings suggest a relationship between site fidelity, home range, and capture/release location.

Bush Hooked: Exploring a Niche Angling Community to Protect a Threatened Turtle Species

Presenter:	Andrew Mallinak He/Him
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Coauthors:
	Phillip Rodgers \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Chelsey Crandall \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Abstract:
	A family of passive freshwater angling methods most often used by catfish anglers, setlines (e.g. bush hooks) have been implicated in multiple cases of the federally listed Suwannee Alligator Snapping Turtle (Suwannee ASTs, Macrochelys suwanniensis) becoming caught, injured and killed. However, while both active and abandoned setlines can be seen hanging from limbs in many Floridian rivers and creeks, little is known about the catfish anglers who use them, let alone their experiences accidentally catching turtles. Thus, from 2023-2024, we combined interviews of Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission experts and catfish anglers with extracted social media posts from regional catfishing forums to characterize catfish setline anglers in Florida and their experiences with turtle by-catch in order to create better outcomes for the Suwannee AST. We found that catfish anglers used setlines to maximize food/catch productivity, carry on tradition, and experience the methods’ fun/thrill. Current setline anglers pointed to the methods’ unique importance for their catfishing experience. Turtle by-catch was not uncommon, and some anglers did report accidental catch of Suwannee AST, both via setlines or rod and reel. Anglers commonly used particular soap baits and circle hooks to reduce turtle and other bycatch. Finally, anglers often expressed anger and frustration with abandoned setlines. Our results demonstrate that setline methods hold significant and potentially irreplaceable value for some catfish anglers, but that anglers may support efforts to remove abandoned setlines. We also recommend investigating the potential effect of soap and circle hooks on turtle bycatch rates.

Utilizing radio telemetry to investigate the survival and behavior of Grass Carp stocked in Florida Lakes.

Presenter:	Logan Masterson
Institution:	1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission 2 Florida Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit 3 University of Florida School of Forest Fisheries & Geomatic Sciences
Coauthors:
	Andrew Carlson \| UF Brandon Thompson \| FWC
Abstract:
	Hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata, a submersed aquatic plant native to Southeast Asia, was introduced into Florida in the 1950s. Since, its invasive characteristics have presented many challenges for managers who are frequently confronted with meeting diverse stakeholder desires. Challenges include how to control an aggressive exotic plant while also considering how to optimize control with limited budgets. Stocking Grass Carp has been used effectively in small, enclosed systems as a cost-effective alternative to extensive chemical herbicide treatment. Effective control has been achieved using Grass Carp in smaller enclosed waterbodies like private ponds and small lakes. However, Grass Carp are rarely utilized as a management technique for larger connected systems like the Harris Chain of Lakes. This is because stocking Grass carp in large, open systems can lead to unintended impacts to native vegetation and emigration to other lakes. To make informed decisions on integrating Grass Carp stocking in large open systems, it is important to understand the dispersal, habitat preference, survival, and emigration rates for stocked Grass Carp. In this study, we have used radio telemetry to assess Grass Carp behavior and survival at several central Florida lakes. In both years, stocked Grass Carp rapidly dispersed from the stocking site and concentrated within primary hydrilla infestations, indicating their initial effectiveness as a biological control tool. Passive datalogging receivers recorded low levels of emigration from the stocked lakes, particularly when fish barriers were present. Overall survival was lower than expected, with juveniles exhibiting significantly higher mortality than adults. Mortality rates were highest during the warmer months.

Insights from FWC’s Atlantic Red Snapper EFP Project Angler-Reported Data

Presenter:	Genine McClair she/her
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission – Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Coauthors:
	Chloe Ramsay \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission – Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Luiz Barbieri \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission – Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Kristin Foss \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Matthew Bunting \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission CJ Sweetman \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Jessica McCawley \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Phillip Rodgers \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission – Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Chelsey Crandall \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission – Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Abstract:
	The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s (FWC) Atlantic Red Snapper EFP projects aim to collaborate with recreational anglers to collect catch and discard data from snapper-grouper fishing trips in the South Atlantic utilizing a reporting application developed by FWC. Anglers, selected by lottery to participate in the project, are assigned to either the control group that fishes under normal regulations or the experimental group that must fish to a 15 fish snapper grouper aggregate bag limit and may keep an additional three red snapper. All participants are required to declare their fishing trips in the application prior to fishing and provide detailed trip information in the application upon completion. The reported data is then utilized to characterize fishing trips to assess the impacts of the alternative management strategy on catch composition, discard rates, and fishing behaviors. To validate the angler reported data, FWC biologists attempt to intercept at least 20% of trips, where they inspect all retained catch and interview the angler about other aspects of their fishing trip. In the first two quarters of the project 164 participants completed 270 trips, and 49.6% of those trips were validated. Preliminary results show that anglers are landing their red snapper limit, but very few participants are reaching the 15 fish snapper grouper aggregate bag limit. Dockside validation has provided the opportunity to collect biological samples from retained catch and has also illuminated where instructions and questions in the application need refinement. Full results of this project are expected in the fall of 2025.

Analyzing Fish Spawning Patterns on the West Florida Shelf in June 2024 Through DNA Barcoding of Fish Eggs

Presenter:	Alexis Mitchem *
Institution:	University of South Florida College of Marine Science
Coauthors:
	Keith Keel \| NOAA Makenzie Kerr \| USF Arianna Rodriguez \| USF Glenn Zapfe \| NOAA Christopher Stallings \| USF Mya Breitbart \| USF
Abstract:
	Accurate species identification of fish early life stages is essential for effective conservation; however, visually identifying eggs is challenging due to their lack of distinct morphological features. Therefore, reproductive aggregations and spawning sites of many species remain unknown, and even among those that have been identified, few receive adequate protection or management. This knowledge gap hinders conservation efforts and sustainable fisheries management. DNA barcoding has emerged as a powerful tool in fisheries science, enabling precise identification of ichthyoplankton and improving our ability to monitor and protect critical spawning grounds. We utilized DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene to identify eggs collected along the West Florida Shelf during June of 2024. The fish eggs were collected aboard the Florida Institute of Oceanography’s R/V Weatherbird II using a continuous underway fish egg sampler (CUFES). The economic, commercial, and recreational significance of recovered species was assessed through FishBase (www.fishbase.se). Recreationally and commercially important species identified include Lachnolaimus maximus (hogfish), Diplectrum formosum (sand perch), and Scomberomorus maculatus (Atlantic Spanish mackerel). Ecologically significant species include Prionotus scitulus (leopard searobin) and Prionotus martis (barred searobin). This project contributes to a long-term time series (2013–2035) that previously completed annual sample collections in September. Collecting samples during the summer expands the time series by capturing species that may not spawn in the fall, providing a more comprehensive analysis of seasonal spawning patterns. By enhancing our understanding of spawning sites for economically and ecologically important species, this study provides critical data to inform sustainable fisheries management on the West Florida Shelf. These insights can help guide conservation strategies, support stock assessments, and improve efforts to protect key spawning habitats.

The Bigger, Older, Fatter, and more Fecund Female (BOFFF) Factor in Greater Amberjack

Presenter:	Debra Murie
Institution:	University of Florida
Coauthors:
	Daryl Parkyn \| University of Southern Mississippi Brett Falterman \| Fisheries Research Support LLC Erik Lang \| Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Andy Fischer \| Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries
Abstract:
	Greater Amberjack Seriola dumerili in the Gulf are considered to be overfished and increased regulatory measures have not resulted in stock rebuilding. Reproductive parameters for Greater Amberjack in the Gulf are not well known, however, including on a size- and age-specific basis. We quantified the Bigger, Older, Fatter, and more Fecund Female (BOFFF) factor in Greater Amberjack. Females were sampled in January-June off the coast of Louisiana, USA. Females ranged from 34-1373 cm fork length (FL), 0.6-36.6 kg, and 1-9 years. Peak spawning season based on histological staging of oocytes was from March through May. Females were capable of spawning every 4-5 days with batch fecundity showing a hyperallometric relationship with female weight, hence the presence of BOFFFs. The “fatter” factor was based on females prior to the start of peak spawning having higher levels of energy reserves in their liver that increased with female size and ovarian caloric density increasing with female size during spawning months. A size threshold for females with large ovaries and high energy density during the peak spawning months may directly relate to their ability to spawn and contribute to the reproductive potential of the stock.

Identifying potential first feed alternatives for larval Pearl Gourami (Trichopodus leerii) to reduce live feed use

Presenter:	Casey Murray she/her
Institution:	University of Florida
Coauthors:
	Casey Murray \| University of Florida Travis Knorr \| University of Florida Amy Wood \| University of Florida Olivia Markham \| University of Florida Brittney Lacy \| University of Florida Matthew DiMaggio \| University of Florida
Abstract:
	Freshwater ornamental larviculture typically relies on Artemia spp. nauplii as a first feed due to their ability to elicit larval feeding responses, digestibility, and appropriate nutritional profile. However, Artemia spp. can be costly to produce and maintain, increasing the complexity and expense of larviculture. Reducing the use of live feeds often involves transitioning larvae to inert feeds, though these often lack strong feeding stimuli and can be more difficult to digest. This study aimed to reduce the use of Artemia spp. nauplii for the pearl gourami (Trichopodus leerii), a high-value ornamental fish with challenging larviculture requirements. Two types of inert feeds were investigated: microparticulate diets (MD) top-dressed with feed attractants and inert liquid diets designed mimic Artemia spp. characteristics. Feed attractants (FAs) are powdered amino acids that added to pelleted diets to increase ingestion rates via chemosensory activation. Three feed attractants (FAs), L-alanine, betaine, and L-tryptophan were tested at four inclusion rates (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) to determine the lowest effective dose needed to improve larval feeding performance in three 7-day trials. Next, two liquid diets, Zeigler EZ Artemia and Cargill LiquaLife, were tested at 100% and 50% replacement levels of Artemia spp. nauplii in a 14-day trial. Results showed L-alanine at 0.25% and 1.0% improved larval survival by approximately 5%, while betaine and L-tryptophan had no significant effect. Additionally, replacing up to 50% of Artemia spp. nauplii with either brand of liquid diet did not significantly affect larval T. leerii survival. These findings establish baseline protocols for reducing live feed dependency in T. leerii larviculture. Further studies on liquid diet density and gradual weaning strategies are needed to refine these protocols.

Seasonal Movements of Yellow and Silver American Eels within the Pensacola Bay Complex

Presenter:	Chelsea Myles-McBurney
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife
Coauthors:
	Kallie Thornhill \| FWC Kim Bonvechio \| FWC
Abstract:
	The American Eel Anguilla rostrata is a facultatively catadromous species that occurs from Greenland to Venezuela and comprises a single panmictic population that exhibits random mating across its range. American Eels have a complex life history and undergo several morphological and physiological stages. Life history information on all life stages and habitat requirements of American Eels is limited, particularly for South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico populations. In the 2017 American Eel Stock Assessment, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission cited a need for tagging studies of eels at different life stages to address habitat use, movement, migration, and behavior. Furthermore, little information exists on seasonal movements and out-migration information of yellow and silver eels in Gulf Coast rivers. Therefore, this project will provide important information on movement patterns for American Eel populations within the Pensacola Bay complex by 1) examining movement patterns of yellow American Eels within the Escambia and Yellow Rivers; 2) examining if seasonal upstream and downstream movements are associated with environmental cues (i.e., stream flow, water temp, lunar phase); and 3) determining timing of outward migration of mature (silver) eels within the Pensacola Bay complex. Seventeen American Eels were collected between 13 October 2023 and 26 November 2024 and surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters (V9). This presentation will be focusing on preliminary analyses of American Eel movements within the Pensacola Bay Complex and potential patterns associated with high-flow events and lunar phases.

Nutrient Availability from Four Feed Ingredients in Russian (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) and Siberian (Acipenser baerii) Sturgeon

Presenter:	Caleb Ogunrinde His/Him *
Institution:	Florida A&M University
Coauthors:
	Omolola Betiku \| Florida A&M University
Abstract:
	Currently, optimum dietary requirements for the development of commercial diets require for culturing Siberian and Russian to enhance their metabolic capacities are unavailable to the farmers. At present, farmers either use commercially available diets intended for other fishes or use diets that are formulated based on dietary requirements of other freshwater fishes as a model for these sturgeon species. Nutritional information to enhance culturing of Siberian and Russian is needed because of interest from farms and hatcheries raising them for caviar. Conventionally, commercial fish feeds for farmed fishes are formulated using ocean harvested fishmeal to meet the requirement of farmed fishes for quality protein. As a result of continuous expansion of the aquaculture industry, finite state of the marine-harvested products, and sustainability of this approach, research has been heightened to source for alternative ingredients to replace ocean derived products in finfish nutrition. The research priority for this study is to evaluate digestibility of locally sourced four feed ingredients in Siberian and Russian sturgeon. A basal diet meeting the known requirements for Rainbow trout and four test ingredients were evaluated as a completely randomized design with three replicate tanks per diet. The four test ingredients were substituted at 30:70 w/w test ingredient:basal diet. The basal diet incorporated yttrium oxide (Y2O3) at 1% inclusion in the diet and apparent digestibility/availability coefficients was determined post feeding. Post-feeding, feed and pooled fecal samples were evaluated for nitrogen, energy, total lipid, organic matter, and Yttrium. Also, feed and fecal samples were evaluated for amino acid and fatty acid contents. Apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients for each ingredient were calculated based on the ratios of nutrient and marker in feed and feces. The digestibility values of the test ingredients and the business and research applications in aquaculture will be presented

Metagenomic evaluation of the state of a retention pond on FAMU campus for potential pollution

Presenter:	Oluwatobi Oguntunde His/Him *
Institution:	Florida A&M University
Coauthors:
	BetikuHatchery Eriola@123 \| Florida A&M University
Abstract:
	Community water pollution is a major public health concern worldwide. High pollutant concentrations beyond certain thresholds harm the aquatic ecosystem, humans, and livestock. The retention at the Florida A&M University is a habitat for some wild ducks at certain periods of the year. Likewise, students and people from the community hike around it regularly. This study was conducted to assess the health status of the pond, particularly for the presence of contaminants unfavorable to the pond’s ecosystem diversity. The pond was divided into eight sections, and water and sediment samples were collected for metallic and metagenomic analyses. On-site water parameters: temperature, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were collected using a YSI multi-parameter water quality meter. Samples were immediately placed on ice and transported to the lab for analysis. Following water filtration, filters, and sediment samples were stored at -20oC for metagenomic evaluation. Our results showed that temperature increased up to 20C, pH was 6 – 8 and DO ranged from 8 – 9 for the pond. More results on physicochemical and 16S rRNA metagenomic information from the water and sediment samples are ongoing and will be presented at the meeting.

Why Settle Here? Understanding Epibenthic Settlement Dynamics in Perdido Bay, Florida

Presenter:	Denzel Ortiz Hernandez He/Him *
Institution:	University of West Florida
Coauthors:
	Destiny Pennington \| University of West Florida Mackenzie Rothfus \| University of West Florida Amanda Croteau \| University of West Florida
Abstract:
	Perdido Bay, Florida, has a long history of water quality concerns and residents have noticed a decline in encrusting organisms on their dock pilings, revitalizing those concerns. A recent plankton study found larval stages of both barnacles and bivalves, indicating that some larval supply was available in the system. This study was developed to better understand settlement patterns in Perdido Bay by evaluating the influence of substrate type, location, and water quality on settlement. Nine settlement arrays were deployed at seven different sites along Perdido Bay’s estuarine gradient. Each array contained five substrate types: lime rock, HardieBacker board tile, concrete paver, oyster shell stringer, and natural wood. Temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen were continuously monitored by sensors placed in each array and a sedimentation tube was deployed at each site. Each month (February through August), substrates were collected and replaced, and water quality samples were collected. Recovered substrates were photographed to quantify settlement using Coral Point Count software, and mobile invertebrate samples were preserved for taxonomic identification. The results revealed differences in settlement rates depending on substrate type, location, and sampling period. The findings provided insights into the short- and long-term settlement and survival of epibenthic organisms under varying environmental conditions. Understanding of these relationships is needed to inform future management strategies and conservation efforts in Perdido Bay. This research has contributed to ongoing efforts to protect and restore the bay’s ecological health by clarifying the role of substrate and water quality in supporting diverse epibenthic communities.

Comparison of Limestone Formations for the Restoration or Florida Oyster Reefs

Presenter:	Chad Palmer *
Institution:	University of Florida School of Natural Resources and the Environment
Coauthors:
	Miguel Acevedo \| University of Florida, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Anna Braswell \| University of Florida Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Mathew Leibold \| University of Florida, Department of Biology Andrew Ropicki \| University of Florida, Food and Resource Economics Edward Camp \| University of Florida, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Abstract:
	Oyster reefs have seen significant declines in the last century leading to the necessity for restoration of these economically, ecologically, and culturally valuable habitats. However, restoration efforts have had a mixed record of success. The most commonly used materials for oyster reef restoration is limestone, and while studies have been done to compare the efficacy of limestone to other materials like concrete, shell, and bioplastics, no study has yet been done to compare the efficacy of multiple limestone types for restoration, with the type of limestone used typically being determined by cost and availability. This study compares the recruitment of oysters over a single reproductive season to both Kentucky and Ocala limestone, the two limestone formations most readily available for restoration in Florida. Research was conducted in Cedar Key, FL across four different sites representing a 2×2 matrix of both high and low salinity and wave energy.

Cause and consequences of Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) space use specialization in a subtropical riverscape

Presenter:	Jennifer Rehage
Institution:	Florida International University Institute of Environment Miami FL 33199 Florida International University Earth and Environment Department Miami FL 33199
Coauthors:
	Rolando O. Santos \| Florida International University Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, FL, 33199 Florida International University, Biological Sciences Department, Miami, FL, 33181 Mack White \| Florida International University, Earth and Environment Department, Miami, FL, 33199 W. Ryan James \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, FL, 33199 Florida International University, Biological Sciences Department, Miami, FL, 33181 Florida International University, Earth and Environment Department, Miami, FL, 33199 Natasha M. Viadero \| South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL, 33406 Jordan A. Massie \| Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 Ross E. Boucek \| Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, 33133
Abstract:
	Variability in space use among conspecifics can emerge from foraging strategies that track available resources, especially in riverscapes that promote high synchrony between prey pulses and consumers. Projected changes in riverscape hydrological regimes due to water management and climate change accentuate the need to understand the natural variability in animal space use and its implications for population dynamics and ecosystem function. Here, we used long-term tracking of Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) movement and trophic dynamics in the Shark River, Everglades National Park from 2012 to 2023 to test how specialization in the space use of individuals (i.e., Eadj) changes seasonally, how it is influenced by yearly hydrological conditions, and its relationship to the between individual trophic niche. Snook exhibited seasonal variability in space use, with maximum individual specialization (high dissimilarity) in the wet season. The degree of individual specialization increased over the years in association with greater marsh flooding duration, which produced important subsidies. Also, there were threshold responses of individual space use specialization as a function of floodplain conditions. Greater specialization in space use results in a decrease in snook trophic niche size. These results show how hydrological regimes in riverscapes influence individual specialization of resource use (both space and prey), providing insight into how forecasted hydroclimatic scenarios may shape habitat selection processes and the trophic dynamics of mobile consumers.

Monitoring Largemouth Bass Survival, Movement, and Habitat Use in Restored Areas of the Kissimmee River, FL Using Radio Telemetry

Presenter:	Rachel Reinhard
Institution:	FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Coauthors:
	Reid Hyle \| FWC
Abstract:
	The Kissimmee River Restoration Project infilled 22 miles of the C-38 canal and removed water control structures, restoring flow to the original river channel and reconnecting over 25,000 acres of floodplain. The dissolved oxygen regime has improved, yet episodic oxygen crises still occur, causing fish kills and suppressing centrarchid populations. The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) partnered with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) to assess survival and movement of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) in restored portions of the river. In 2020 and 2021, bass were tagged with radio transmitters, and their movement between restored zones (Phase I and Phase IV) was monitored. During wet seasons, oxygen levels fell below 1 mg/l, causing near-total bass mortality in 2020, while increased flow in 2021 allowed for better survival. In both years, bass movement increased under low oxygen conditions. Occupation of sloughs and side channels during spawning depended on water levels, and invasive grasses reduced floodplain use. Phases II and III have since been restored, and SFWMD has treated exotic grasses in low-elevation floodplains. The current study evaluates bass habitat use and survival in these newly restored areas. In 2024, 63 bass were tagged in Phases I and II/III. Some tags included sensors that log acceleration, temperature and pressure, tracking daily activity under good versus stressful conditions. Initial results show bass mostly occupy the main channel under low flow conditions (<400 cfs) and move to off channel habitat at first chance. Preliminary retrieved sensor tag data shows lethargic motion with less abrupt changes in velocity when dissolved oxygen is low. There were also motion and depth patterns over diurnal cycles. The study is ongoing and will continue to monitor and analyze bass responses to environmental changes, providing valuable insights into the success of the Kissimmee River restoration.

Coping with Chaos: Insights into Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) behavior during environmental disturbance

Presenter:	Bailey Reins
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Coauthors:
	Eli Bradley \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Ashton Lyon \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Joy Young \| Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Abstract:
	Environmental disturbances such as tropical storms, hurricanes and acute cold weather events can cause significant geochemical and temperature changes to estuarine systems. These changes could disrupt normal movement and behavior of aquatic species. Response time and succession can vary greatly between species, and long-term datasets are important to properly analyze these trends. Common snook, Centropomus undecimalis, is a popular sportfish in Florida that may exhibit behavioral changes to seek refuge from unfavorable conditions brought on by extreme weather systems. This study utilizes acoustic telemetry to investigate movement patterns of common snook in response to weather-caused environmental disturbances within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) system, St. Lucie and Loxahatchee Rivers, and Lake Worth Lagoon of eastern and southeastern Florida. Snook were tagged with acoustic transmitters within the IRL between 2008 and 2012, and also between 2022 and 2024. Detection data is being cross-examined with environmental data associated with extreme weather events to assess deviations in movement patterns from baseline behavior. Preliminary analysis suggests high resilience to environmental disturbances associated with tropical weather events and a shift in movement patterns when faced with conditions associated with acute cold events, with inlet utilization of snook increasing in three of the five inlets being studied around these events. These findings may be used to inform conservation strategists on how to sustain common snook populations amid intensifying climate-driven disturbances.

Understanding Angler Catch Orientations in the FWC Atlantic Red Snapper EFP Project

Presenter:	Phillip Rodgers
Institution:	FWC
Coauthors:
	Chelsey Crandall \| FWC Kristin Foss \| FWC Matthew Bunting \| FWC Genine McClair \| FWC Chloe Ramsay \| FWC Luiz Barberi \| FWC CJ Sweetman \| FWC Jessica McCawley \| FWC
Abstract:
	Catch orientations help explain angler motivations and resultant patterns in fishing behavior in both freshwater and marine environments. Characterizing anglers based on their catch orientations also enables fishery managers to understand the underlying motivations that influence compliance with regulations. By recognizing these orientations, managers can tailor messaging strategies that resonate with specific angler groups, ultimately improving compliance and enhancing sustainable fisheries. The present study uses an online survey to examine catch orientations among anglers in the South Atlantic snapper grouper reef complex, specifically those participating in the first and second quarters of the South Atlantic Exempt Fishing Permit (EFP) Project. Examining the catch orientations of EFP participants provides deeper insight into how different angler motivations influence angler satisfaction with current and experimental bag limits, as well as other regulations. Twelve catch orientation items are measured using a 5-point Likert scale (e.g., strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, strongly agree). Four previously identified catch orientations are validated in these samples through confirmatory factor analysis. Cluster analysis identifies five groups of anglers based on their catch orientations: harvest, catching large fish, catching many fish, catching at least something, and a fifth group not motivated by any of the described orientations. The project is currently in its third quarter, with full results and data analysis expected in the fall of 2025. Understanding these orientations and their relationship with angler satisfaction regarding bag limits will inform targeted management strategies, enhancing both conservation efforts and angler satisfaction.

Utilizing R to develop an interactive dashboard for the visualization and analysis of annual trends in submerged aquatic vegetation across the lower St. Johns River

Presenter:	Samantha Russo
Institution:	SJRWMD
Coauthors:
	Kristin Palmrose \| SJRWMD Riley Timbs \| SJRWMD
Abstract:
	The ‘flexdashboard’ package harnesses the capabilities of R Markdown to construct intricate, interactive dashboards utilizing the no-cost R software. This innovative tool facilitates the integration of related data visualizations into a unified dashboard format, thereby streamlining data dissemination and promoting comprehensive data analysis. The St. Johns River Water Management District has effectively utilized this methodology to display its annual summer (June – August) submerged aquatic vegetation survey data for the Lower St. Johns River, encompassing the period from 2015 to the present day. This interactive poster will demonstrate the exceptional potential and transformative capabilities of this dashboarding approach.

Tracking the emigration of juvenile sport fish from Robinson Preserve

Presenter:	Courtney Saari
Institution:	FWC
Coauthors:
	Matthew Sandburg \| FWC Jonathan Peake \| FWC Meagan Schrandt \| FWC
Abstract:
	Healthy and sustainable fisheries rely on healthy habitats, but habitat degradation is one of the largest obstacles for sustainable fisheries. Coastal wetlands worldwide have been threatened by sea level rise, urbanization, and agriculture; however, habitat restoration projects show some promise for enhancing fisheries habitat. Previously, fish habitats have rarely been a priority in the design of habitat restoration projects and recent projects can lack post-restoration monitoring to document fisheries enhancement. Specifically, the contribution of juvenile sport fish to the fished population is a major information gap for many restoration projects. Here, we address the functionality of restored fallow farmland in Robinson Preserve (Manatee County, FL) as nursery habitat for important sport fish species, such as Common Snook, Atlantic Tarpon, and Red Drum. Using acoustic telemetry, we track juvenile fish movement patterns within the preserve to understand fish use of various restoration design features, and if fish leave the preserve, we can estimate the contribution of juvenile fish from the restored nursery habitat to fished populations outside the preserve. Since 2022, we have tagged 58 fish: 30 Common Snook, 12 Atlantic Tarpon, 5 Red Drum, 6 Black Drum, 4 Sheepshead, and 1 Goliath Grouper. Acoustic receivers located within the preserve and outside presumed exit points have heard from all tagged fish in some capacity. Preliminary analyses show that some fish have remained in the preserve, others have left the preserve and returned, while others were last heard from outside the preserve. We will continue to monitor fish movements within and around the preserve through 2025. The information obtained from this study will provide insight into how juvenile sport fish use different habitats within the preserve and determine which corridors are most effective for emigration, which will be useful for future restoration design and construction.

Occurrence as trawl bycatch and nearshore abundance as evidence for broader habitat use by endemic Lake Eustis Pupfish Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi

Presenter:	KristieRae Saenger She/Her
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC)
Abstract:
	The Lake Eustis Pupfish Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi was historically classified as a state threatened species due to its restricted range and vulnerability to habitat alteration. Although the Lake Eustis Pupfish has since been delisted, the extent of habitat used by Lake Eustis Pupfish is still poorly understood. Since the 1950s, Lake Eustis Pupfish have been repeatedly documented as bycatch in annual Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus trawls. During late fall sampling events on the Harris Chain of Lakes in central Florida, Lake Eustis Pupfish have been observed in trawls from depths up to 5.1m. However, current literature identifies preferred Lake Eustis Pupfish habitat as shallow, sandy beaches with sparse vegetation. Although Lake Eustis Pupfish are abundant in this habitat from July through September, no study has attempted to collect Lake Eustis Pupfish during cooler months. Sheepshead Minnows Cyprinodon variegatus, of which Lake Eustis Pupfish are a subspecies, have one of the largest thermal tolerances of any fish species. When exposed to cold temperatures, Sheepshead Minnows will burrow into warmer sediment and may move to deeper, more thermally stable water. Lake Eustis Pupfish also exhibit burrowing behavior and their occurrence in trawl samples may indicate similar movement to a thermal refuge. Understanding movement and identifying key habitats for Lake Eustis Pupfish is critical for informing conservation efforts and ensuring accurate population assessments. The purpose of this project is to determine whether the occurrence of Lake Eustis Pupfish in trawls is indicative of seasonal movement or whether overall habitat preferences for Lake Eustis Pupfish should be expanded to include offshore habitats.

Parasite surveys of Hypanus sabinus and H. say hosts in the Indian River Lagoon Estuary

Presenter:	Sarah Sargent *
Institution:	Nova Southeastern University
Coauthors:
	Christopher Blanar \| Nova Southeastern University David Kerstetter \| Nova Southeastern University
Abstract:
	Despite the wide abundance, accessibility, and distribution of sympatric stingrays Hypanus sabinus and H. say in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) estuary, their parasite-host interactions remain undescribed. Beginning in July 2023, the Florida FWC Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program and Nova Southeastern University have taken monthly specimen collections from differing IRL regions during FIM surveys. Preliminary species examinations have focused primarily on the spiral valve (intestine), gills, stomach and nasal fosse of stingrays using standardized parasitological necropsy procedures. Parasites recovered to date include several parasite taxa belonging to Cestoda, Monogenea, and Digenea. We evaluate these results in the context of previously published parasite survey information for this host genus.

Comparing Fish Communities in the Tidal Creeks and Residential Canals of Santa Rosa Sound

Presenter:	Geoffrey Smith he/him
Institution:	Northwest Florida State College
Coauthors:
	Amanda Croteau \| University of West Florida Mackenzie Rothfus \| University of West Florida
Abstract:
	Tidal tributaries, including small tidal creeks and tidal ponds, serve as critical habitats to numerous marine fish and invertebrate species. This includes many important forage species and the juveniles of many commercially and recreationally important species such as Red Drum, Spotted Seatrout, Blue Crab, and penaeid shrimps. There is a general lack of either short term or long term assessment and monitoring of juvenile fish and decapod species in the Pensacola Bay system including Santa Rosa Sound. Initial sampling of a subset of tidal creeks draining into Santa Rosa Sound over the past year demonstrated that many of these creeks support large fish populations that included juveniles of both recreational sportfish and commercially targeted decapods. That study focused mainly on relatively intact and minimally impacted creeks. However, many of the creeks/canals along the sound have been highly impacted (seawall shorelines, little/no emergent vegetation, dredged/channelized, etc.). Previous studies have noted that highly impacted tidal tributaries often have lower fish abundances and/or fish communities that are quite different (more pelagic schooling species, more large/adult sportfish, fewer marsh residents, fewer juvenile sportfish) than more natural creeks. This study compared the fish and decapod communities in a subset of both relatively natural and highly impacted tidal creeks/canals. This data may provide vital information to justify the preservation and restoration of tidal creeks in the Santa Rosa Sound system (and surrounding areas).

From a cow pasture to the top bass fishery in Florida? An evaluation of the newly flooded Fellsmere Reservoir

Presenter:	Brandon Thompson
Institution:	FWC-FWRI
Coauthors:
	Scott Bisping \| FWC-DFFM Reid Hyle \| FWC-FWRI Arthur Bernhardt \| FWC-FWRI
Abstract:
	Fellsmere Reservoir (aka Headwaters Lake) is former farmland that was purchased by the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) to be flooded as a 10,000-acre reservoir for flood control and water filtration. It has long been speculated that this reservoir, bordering the famed Stick Marsh/Farm 13, held the potential of being a world class fishery. Prior to flooding, FWC (partnering with SJRWMD) invested 1.3 million dollars to enhance fisheries habitat (e.g., significantly sculpting bottom contours) to produce high quality bass fishing opportunities. Upon the flooding of Fellsmere in 2016, several pits with existing bass populations along with stocking one million fingerlings from FWC hatcheries, helped produce a strong year class which was observed through electrofishing samples and a later age sample. During the first four years after flooding, plant mapping surveys showed that hydrilla had expanded rapidly to over 50% coverage by 2018 and during bass sampling, biologists documented tremendous numbers of bass with extremely fast growth. On August 10th, 2020, Fellsmere Reservoir boat ramp was opened to motorboats for the first time. Over the first five years after the ramp opening, FWC has conducted year-round access creel surveys from Fellsmere’s single access point. Even with limited parking from this sole boat ramp, creel results showed high angler use in the first year after flooding (183,963 angling hours) and one of the highest bass catch rates in the state (1.25 bass per hour). During the subsequent three creel seasons (2021-24), Fellsmere has maintained this extremely high bass effort and angler catch rate has increased each year with 1.78 bass per hour in 2023-24. Additionally, the annual creel surveys revealed a remarkable number of trophy bass caught, ranging from 839-1,269 per year. A human dimensions survey was conducted in conjunction with the first two creel seasons, which helped inform management decisions at Fellsmere such as changing the bass regulation to catch and release in 2022. The survey also provided economic data which highlights the value of this world class bass fishery and importance of the vegetation management done by the SJRWMD to keep the reservoir accessible to anglers. After almost a decade after flooding a former farm field, FWC’s sampling data has confirmed that Fellsmere has indeed become one of (if not THE) top bass fishing destinations in Florida.

FNEMO: Fishes in the Northern Estuaries Monitoring

Presenter:	Sarah Torre
Institution:	SFWMD
Coauthors:
	Juliane Appelt \| SFWMD Mark Barton \| ESA
Abstract:
	The St. Lucie River Watershed Protection Plan under the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) investigates fish responses to environmental stressors, focusing on Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) and Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus). Passive acoustic telemetry was used to monitor 180 tagged fish (Innovasea V13; 1460-day battery life) within the St. Lucie Estuary (SLE). Movement was evaluated through the number of acoustic stations detected as a proxy for home range. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant changes in station usage during key environmental events. During Hurricane Nicole (WY2023), Snook were detected at more stations (p = 0.02) in time block 3, indicating expanded movement. Sheepshead significantly reduced station usage in time block 3 (p = 0.01), suggesting contraction in home range. Conversely, minimal disturbance was observed during Hurricane Idalia (WY2024), where neither species showed significant distribution changes. During pulse releases from Lake Okeechobee in WY2024, both Snook and Sheepshead demonstrated increased station usage in time blocks 3, 12, and 13 (p < 0.01), indicating a response to environmental fluctuations. This suggests a lagged effect, where fish do not immediately respond but adjust movement patterns after multiple releases. These results highlight species-specific responses to environmental stressors, with Snook generally moving out of unfavorable environments and Sheepshead remaining in place. Fish were sensitive to combined salinity and pressure changes, with these factors interacting to influence movement more than either alone. Understanding these behavioral thresholds enhances predictive models for fish responses to future events, guiding adaptive management strategies for estuarine ecosystem restoration and resilience.

Re-emergence of the endangered smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) in a historic southeast Florida nursery

Presenter:	Sarah Torre *
Institution:	FAU-HBOI
Coauthors:
	Matthew Ajemian \| FAU-HBOI Andrew Wooley \| FWC Lukas Heath \| FWC Dyaln Yakich \| FWC Liberty Boyd \| FAU-HBOI Michael McCallister \| FAU-HBOI Gregg Poulakis \| FWC
Abstract:
	The smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata), a Critically Endangered species, has been federally protected under the Endangered Species Act since 2003. Historically abundant in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) and St. Lucie River (SLR), the species was extirpated from these areas by the 1970s due to habitat loss and overfishing. However, increasing juvenile sightings and tagging efforts indicate a resurgence, suggesting these estuaries may again serve as vital nursery habitats. Between 2021 and 2023, reports to the U.S. Sawfish Recovery Hotline accounted for 71% of all sightings since 2015. Acoustic telemetry data from seven tagged juveniles identified high-use areas in the South Fork (SF) of the SLR, with residency indices showing juveniles spent up to 90% of their detection days in the region. Kernel Utilization Density (KUD) and hotspot analyses revealed clustering near structural features, such as bridges in the estuary system. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) indicated mean daily location of juvenile sawfish in the estuary was significantly influenced by mean daily salinity (EDF = 2.68, p < 0.001), temperature (EDF = 6.53, p < 0.001), freshwater inflows (EDF = 2.77, p = 0.054), and dissolved oxygen (DO) (EDF = 3.3 , p = 0.02). Juveniles preferred salinities of 18-30 PSU and temperatures between 20°C and 27°C and DO levels <4 mg/L. Seasonal freshwater inflows influenced movement, causing downstream shifts during low-salinity events. These findings confirm that the South Fork functions as a critical nursery habitat within a degraded estuarine system. Conserving and restoring high-use areas is essential for supporting population recovery and enhancing resilience across the species' historical range. This research provides key data for long-term conservation strategies, ensuring the protection of vital nursery habitats for smalltooth sawfish.

Changes in growth and timing of sex change in subtropical fishes as compensatory responses to a severe cold event in Florida

Presenter:	Alexis Trotter
Institution:	FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
Coauthors:
	Jessica Carroll \| FL FWC/FWRI Gregory Onorato \| FL FWC/FWRI Kristin Cook \| FL FWC/FWRI Jared Ritch \| former FWC/FWRI Jeffrey Pulver \| former NOAA/NMFS Philip Stevens \| FWC/FWRI
Abstract:
	We investigated observations hypothesized to be biological responses to a severe cold event in two subtropical fishes near their range limit in Florida. Following a cold event, an anomaly in otolith sections was observed in Gray Snapper, and conspicuously small females were observed during biological sampling of Common Snook, a protandric hermaphrodite. To compare biological metrics pre- and post-cold event, increment analysis was conducted on otoliths of Gray Snapper collected from recreational and commercial fisheries as proxies for growth rates in different regions of Florida, while the proportion of females was assessed across size and age bins in Common Snook collected from several estuaries during fisheries-independent monitoring. A widespread anomaly found in Gray Snapper otoliths was confirmed as indicative of a significant decrease in growth (46%) in the year following the cold event when compared to a control group collected in a period before the cold event. However, growth rates increased (16-17% higher than fish in the control group) for several years post-event. Common Snook changed sex from male to female (younger and smaller females) earlier post-cold event in an estuary at the northern end of its historic range where population declines of over 50% occurred. Both biological responses after the cold event are likely compensatory mechanisms that allow for more rapid recovery at organismic and population scales. Given that the frequency and severity of cold events control the distributions of many subtropical fishes, understanding the biological responses to these events can provide insight into how subtropical species can cope with periodic disturbances as their range continues to expand.

Age, growth, and longevity of blackbelly rosefish in the U.S. Atlantic

Presenter:	Kaitlyn Tucker She/Her/Hers *
Institution:	University of Florida
Coauthors:
	Will Patterson III \| University of Florida
Abstract:
	The blackbelly rosefish (Helicolenus dactylopterus, Family: Scorpaenidae) is an upper slope (300-600 m) benthic species vulnerable to overfishing due to its longevity (>90 y) and slow growth. The deepwater (>200 m) snapper-grouper fishery in the U.S. Atlantic captures blackbelly rosefish but little is known about its age and growth in that region, and no estimates of natural or fishing mortality exist. The goal of this research is to estimate age, growth, longevity, and mortality of blackbelly rosefish via analysis of otolith thin sections. A sample of 1,312 archived Atlantic blackbelly rosefish otoliths has been processed for ageing, in addition to 27 contemporary samples from NOAA haul sampling. Preliminary maximum longevity is determined to be 113 years. Next steps include 1) epigenetic validation of age estimation, 2) von Bertalanffy growth model estimation for the full data set, and 3) total (from sample age composition), natural (from maximum longevity), and fishing (by subtraction) mortality estimation. Results should inform fisheries managers about the vulnerability of blackbelly rosefish to fishing, as well as historical fishing mortality experienced by this species in the U.S. Atlantic.

Movements of Gulf Striped Bass in the Pensacola Bay Watershed

Presenter:	Bradford Warland
Institution:	FWC-FWRI
Abstract:
	Preliminary results of an ongoing acoustic telemetry project focused on Gulf Striped Bass (Morone saxatillis) in the Blackwater River, Yellow River, and the greater Pensacola Bay watershed. 36 individuals surgically implanted with acoustic tags exhibit various movements throughout the study area monitored by a passive acoustic telemetry array (~75 Receivers). The tagged individuals exhibited seasonal movements correlated with temperature changes and combined with manual tracking illuminated areas of thermal refuge during periods of high water temperatures. Movements are also used by researchers to target sampling efforts for broodstock collection in the spring to aid hatchery production for the region and provide an alternate broodstock source within the state of Florida.

Evaluating effects of lake renovation on growth rates of Largemouth Bass in Karick Lake Florida

Presenter:	Matt Wegener
Institution:	FWC
Coauthors:
	Summer Lindelien \| FWC
Abstract:
	The Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission (FWC) built several small- to moderate-sized impoundments to provide more fishing opportunities in the northwest region of the Florida Panhandle. These lakes are naturally low in primary productivity, so fertilization programs have been used to increase fish biomass to support the high amount of angler effort. However, fertilization programs were recently halted due to potential environmental issues, and these fisheries have reverted to low density populations with slow growth rates. To increase productivity and improve size structure of sport fish populations, Karick Lake (26 ha) was renovated by dewatering, removing excess muck, installing fish attractors and sculpting the lake bottom. Researchers measured the fishery response to this renovation by comparing several pre- and post-treatment metrics. Although the size structure of the population increased following renovation, it was discovered through non-lethal aging techniques that the majority of quality Largemouth Bass had survived the drawdown, and individual growth was slower after renovation than before. Although dewatering was unsuccessful at increasing growth of newly stocked individuals, the cohort that survived the drawdown reached large sizes and resulted in several trophy fish caught by anglers. However, these effects are likely short lived and additional research and management is needed if these trophy fishing opportunities are to persist at Karick Lake.

Southwest Region DFFM; Small Impoundments Update

Presenter:	Hayden Wennerdahl
Institution:	FWC-DFFM
Coauthors:
	Aaron Entricken \| FWC-DFFM Owen Bayindirli \| FWC-DFFM
Abstract:
	Southwest Florida has witnessed an unprecedented level of urban development in the last decade. Although this growth provides opportunities for new conservation funding and stakeholder support, the need to conserve and enhance habitats and wildlife resources is greater than ever. Across the 11 counties that make up FWC’s Southwest Region, there are currently more than 40 actively managed small impoundment locations (less than 40 acres) that provide valuable recreational opportunities for their surrounding communities. While some of these sites have been managed and maintained for decades, new sites are added each year as new parks are built to accommodate the growing communities. While some of these sites are operated by FWC alone, many of these waterbodies are maintained in partnership with local governmental organizations. These sites are easily accessible and often come with amenities like docks, restrooms, sports facilities and ample parking, making them excellent locations to host various outreach and education initiatives. Similarly, the small size of many of these waterbodies make them prime candidates to host a variety of research initiatives, with fish populations that can be easily manipulated and observed. Biologists utilize tools like sampling, stocking, creels and habitat enhancement or infrastructure improvements to monitor and enhance these resources. As the landscape of Southwest Florida continues to change in the coming decades, the need for effective conservation of natural resources will rise. Large waterbodies will continue to be a focal point of large-scale conservation efforts. However, small impoundment management can provide inexpensive and invaluable ecosystem services, recreational resources, and public services while also creating opportunities for outreach and research. This poster aims to highlight many of the ongoing management and research activities being performed on small impoundments throughout FWC’s Southwest Region.

Balancing the budget: metabolic drivers modulate the foraging and activity of a coastal mesopredator

Presenter:	Mack White *
Institution:	Florida International University Earth and Environment Department Miami Florida 33199
Coauthors:
	W. Ryan James \| Florida International University, Earth and Environment Department, Miami, Florida, 33199 Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 Florida International University, Biological Sciences Department, Miami, Florida, 33181 Justin S. Lesser \| Florida International University, Earth and Environment Department, Miami, Florida, 33199 Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 Ryan R. Rezek \| Coastal Carolina University, Department of Marine Science, Conway, South Carolina, 29528 Jonathan R. Rodemann \| Florida International University, Earth and Environment Department, Miami, Florida, 33199 Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 Ross E. Boucek \| Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, Florida, 33133 Rolando O. Santos \| Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199 Florida International University, Biological Sciences Department, Miami, Florida, 33181 Jennifer S. Rehage \| Florida International University, Earth and Environment Department, Miami, Florida, 33199 Florida International University, Institute of Environment, Miami, Florida, 33199
Abstract:
	Warming temperatures and hydrologic variability associated with global warming are disrupting patterns of energy flow with ecosystem-level implications. Here we use a combination of empirical diet and acoustic acceleration data alongside models of energetic needs and predation simulations to evaluate the effects of changing environmental conditions on the diet, activity, and energy needs of Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) in the Shark River, Everglades National Park. As temperatures increased, snook were observed consuming less high-quality fish prey, with the likelihood of empty stomachs increasing. Energetics models suggested a thermal performance curve at ~33° C, indicative of the threshold at which physiological performance begins to decline. However, activity data from acoustic accelerometers suggest a rapid decline in activity at ~28° C, with an increase in nocturnal activity as temperatures exceeded this temperature. The effects of temperature on the total prey demand of snook were apparent across a range of body sizes and foraging scenarios. However, the impacts of warming temperatures on prey demand were greatest for large-bodied individuals. As snook body size (i.e., weight) increased, so did the importance of prey quality and temperature in mediating the prey needs of individuals. Models of empirical diet data showed ontogenetic differences in the likelihood of observing invertebrate prey in the diets of snook with smaller individuals more likely to consume low quality invertebrate prey. Acceleration data showed an increase in activity associated with body size, and that larger bodied individuals exhibited stronger diurnal activity patterns relative to smaller bodied individuals which exhibited crepuscular patterns of activity. Lastly, water levels in adjacent marsh habitats had strong effects on snook foraging and activity patterns. As water levels increased, the likelihood of consuming invertebrate prey increased, with declines in the likelihood of observing fish in the diets of snook. Activity data suggests that as marsh stage increases, so does the activity of snook with cathemeral activity patterns emerging at high water levels. These results highlight the dynamic interplay between environmental conditions and consumer energetic needs for shaping the foraging ecology of a generalist predator.

Evaluating Prime Forage Species for Optimal Growth Rates in Florida Bass, Micropterus salmoides

Presenter:	Kyle D. Williams *
Institution:	Division of Freshwater Fisheries Management Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Lake City FL
Coauthors:
	Micheal Allen \| Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL Debra Murie \| School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Andrew Dutterer \| Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL
Abstract:
	Florida Bass Micropterus salmoides is Florida’s most popular freshwater sportfish and is highly sought after, due to its rapid growth rates and growth potential. Managers aiming to maximize production of trophy Florida Bass often focus on abundance, size, and composition of prey fish communities. We focused on prey species, conducting a 12-week feeding trial over three consecutive years to evaluate which forage species provides the greatest growth rates of adult Florida Bass in a hatchery setting. We used Koi Cyprinus rubrofuscus, Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, and Lake Chubsucker Erimyzon sucetta . We selected Bluegill and Lake Chubsuckers, as they are both abundant Florida native species and common prey of Florida Bass . We chose Rainbow Trout due to its high caloric density and historic link to trophy bass production. Koi were selected due to their use as prey for black bass in hatchery settings and high caloric density. During the pilot trial, we found that Koi outperformed Rainbow trout, with an average weight gain of 0.815 pounds per individual compared to 0.245 pounds per individual for Rainbow trout replicates. In year 2, Trout produced the highest average weight gain at 0.857 pounds per individual, with Bluegill averaging 0.490 pounds per individual, and Lake chubsuckers averaging 0.365 pounds per individual. Additionally, we assessed 11 forage species to determine their caloric density via bomb calorimetry. We found that Rainbow trout provided the highest caloric density at 2.24 kcals/g total weight, with Koi coming in second at 1.97 kcals/g total weight. The highest native species was Gizzard Shad at 1.85 kcals/g. All other native species ranged from 0.95 kcals/g to 1.19 kcals/g. This research is a component of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s (FWC) Florida Trophy Bass Project and will have direct application for FWC’s management of trophy Florida Bass.

Abundance, distribution, and habitat associations of three sportfish in a spring-fed river

Presenter:	Kyle L. Williams *
Institution:	FWC/FWRI
Coauthors:
	Alexis Trotter \| FWC/FWRI Andrew Carlson \| USGS, UF, FL Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Phillip Stevens \| FWC/FWRI Micheal Allen \| UF, NCBS
Abstract:
	Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis (hereafter snook) has been expanding northward along Florida’s Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coast in response to milder winters. In areas north of Tampa Bay, estuarine water temperatures still approach the species’ lower lethal limit and snook are taking advantage of spring-fed rivers during winter to survive at these higher latitudes. In these rivers systems, the expansion of snook could have implications for previously predominant sport fish of similar body size, such as Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus (hereafter redfish), a euryhaline species, and Florida Bass Micropterus floridanus (hereafter bass), a freshwater species. Using standardized electrofishing and habitat assessments, we compared abundance, distribution, and habitat associations of the species across three winters (December-March 2023-2025) in Crystal River and Kings Bay, FL. While these species do not appear to directly compete for resources in other areas where they co-occur, the relatively small spatial area and limited prey availability found here may increase these interactions. Numbers of bass decreased while snook increased following the first year, particularly for lengths associated with ≤ age-1; the distribution of both species remained the same. The number and sizes of redfish, however, increased by four times and were much more widespread throughout the system. These changes between years appear to be associated with a loss of submerged aquatic vegetation, although habitat associations are still being analyzed. These varying interactions can help inform managers of preferred resources for species and can help create management plans to preserve those resources. Understanding how species respond and react to ecosystem change and function in novel habitats is necessary for the management of fisheries and the preservation of habitats as species move poleward and interact with others.

Acoustic and independent fisheries monitoring in Tequesta, FL

Presenter:	Peter Wilson
Institution:	Florida Fish and Wildlife – Tequesta Fl
Coauthors:
	Erick Ault \| Florida Fish and Wildlife – Tequesta, Fl Dayna Hunn \| Florida Fish and Wildlife – Tequesta, Fl Ashton Lyon \| Florida Fish and Wildlife – Tequesta, Fl
Abstract:
	The marine fisheries biology team at the Tequesta field lab is involved in many projects using passive acoustic telemetry, tagging various species of fish ranging from cobia and greater amberjack far offshore to various fish species back in the rivers, and are tasked with maintaining an array of about 140 underwater receivers that stretch from the southern lake worth lagoon to the Sebastian Inlet. Collaborative research is being conducted on a variety of other species in the study region including work on gray snapper, Cubera snapper, common snook, sheepshead, tarpon, and smalltooth sawfish. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program uses a variety of sampling gear and techniques to monitor inshore fisheries throughout Florida. Due to its geographic location, Tequesta began monitoring the Southern IRL (Jupiter-Vero Beach) in 1997. Each month Tequesta pulls 183m haul seins in the IRL and the adjacent St. Lucie River. This provides an opportunity for collaboration within FWRI between the fish bio group in Tequesta and the FIM group in Indian River. The FIM sampling allows researchers to track species composition, distributions, and population trends over time. This access to great numbers of fish provides opportunities for collaboration using laboratory-based methods or field-based study (e.g., acoustic tagging).

2024 SEAMAP bottom longline survey: Florida’s First Year

Presenter:	Brent Winner
Institution:	Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission St. Petersburg FL
Coauthors:
	Claire Rosental \| Apalachicola Field Laboratory, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Eastpoint, FL Andrew Wooley \| Charlotte Harbor Field Laboratory, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Port Charlotte, FL
Abstract:
	In 2024, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) completed their first year as a partner of the SEAMAP bottom longline survey. The objective of this project is to conduct a seasonal bottom longline survey in waters less than 10 meters in depth to assess the abundance and distribution of fishes. We conducted sampling April through September spanning the entire Gulf Coast of Florida from Destin to Florida Bay, completing 142 stations over 48 sea days. A total of 558 fish were collected including 59 teleosts (13 species), 1 batoid, and 498 sharks (12 species). Teleosts were dominated by Gafftopsail Catfish (n = 23) and Hardhead Catfish (n = 8), and included three Serranid species (Black Sea Bass, Goliath Grouper, and Red Grouper). The shark portion of the catch was dominated (82%) by the top five species, Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (n = 124), Blacknose Shark (n = 116), Blacktip Shark (n = 78), Nurse Shark (n = 48), and Bonnethead (n = 40). Shark catches varied both seasonally and spatially. Catches were highest in Spring (n = 217, 4.9 sharks/station) followed by Summer (n = 171, 3.5 sharks/station) and Fall (n = 110, 2.2 sharks/station). Catch rates of sharks were slightly higher in Peninsular stations (n = 348, 4.1 sharks/station) compared to Panhandle stations (n = 150, 2.6 sharks/station). Abundance and spatial patterns also varied among species. For example, Sandbar Sharks (n = 14) were only caught in the Panhandle in the Spring, in contrast to Lemon Sharks (n = 4) which were caught during Summer/Fall only in Peninsular stations. Our first year with the SEAMAP bottom longline survey was a success; in addition to our regular survey data, we partnered with state and federal research agencies to tag and release 60 sharks and collect 413 SAN samples.

Current status of catfish in North Florida rivers

Presenter:	Morgan Winstead
Institution:	FWC-FWRI
Coauthors:
	Ryan Henry \| FWC-FWRI Andy Strickland \| FWC-FWRI Stephen Stang \| FWC-DFFM
Abstract:
	Flatheads are a non-native ictalurid species that were first documented in Florida Panhandle rivers in the early 1950s. Since their introduction, Flathead have spread and can now be found in most major Florida Panhandle rivers. Catfish monitoring has been limited within Florida over the years. The most recent standardized catfish sampling was conducted in 2012 on the Choctawhatchee River. Other rivers such as the Ochlockonee have not been sampled since the late 2000s. In recent years biologists observed an abundance of Flatheads in systems where few were observed previously. This lead to concerns regarding the status of Flathead and native ictalurids in North Florida rivers. Recent catfish research has taken place on the Chipola, Ochlockonee, and Choctawhatchee rivers. In 2023, the Chipola was sampled within a 48-km section between Yancey and Johnny Boy Landing. A subsample of Flatheads were kept for diet analysis and aging. Seven ictalurid species were collected, with Flatheads being most abundant. The upper part of the Chipola had the highest abundance of Bullhead species (Ameiurus spp.) and lowest abundance of Flatheads. The abundance of Bullhead decreased as the abundance of Flathead increased downstream. Diet analysis showed that crayfish were the primary prey item of Flatheads in the Chipola. Flathead ages ranged from 0 to 10 years old with most being less than 5 years old. The Ochlockonee and Choctawhatchee were sampled in 2024, with 25 random sites selected. On the Ochlockonee, four ictalurid species were collected with Flathead being most abundant. When compared with historical data, all native ictalurid species decreased in abundance. On the Choctawhatchee, three ictalurid species were collected with Flathead being most abundant. In the Choctawhatchee, no Bullhead were observed or collected, though they were present in historical samples. This research allows biologists to better understand catfish populations, and establish a long-term monitoring program.

Comparative life-history strategies of two sympatric stingray species from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida

Presenter:	Jordan Zulli she/her/hers
Institution:	Nova Southeastern University
Coauthors:
	Jessica Schieber \| Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife David Kerstetter \| Nova Southeastern University
Abstract:
	Atlantic Hypanus sabinus and Bluntnose Hypanus say stingrays are two benthic species found in coastal waters, including estuaries and lagoons. While populations of both species appear abundant in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), an estuary ecosystem located along the east coast of Florida, the autecological information concerning H. sabinus and H. say is lacking. This project assessed the age, growth, and reproductive patterns of H. sabinus and H. say stingray populations. Specimens were collected via a collaboration with Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s (FWC) Fisheries Independent Monitoring program (FIM). The collection of age-at-size data required comparison of vertebral band counts used to determine age and morphometric measurements including disk width, disk length, total length, and total weight. To assess the stage of maturity for each specimen, clasper length and calcification in males and uterine/ovarian tract development in females and analyzed and recorded. The results of this study will increase our understanding of the life history of these data-deficient species and provide the data required for the conservation of stingray populations in Florida waters.